Arterial Stiffness and Arteriosclerosis in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Abstract

Background and objective:         Chronic kidney disease patients are at risk of arterial stiffness and arteriosclerosis which lead to coronary heart disease.  Currently method of assessment arterial stiffness is using a non-invasive standard machine for Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) and the arteriosclerosis assessment is measuring for Ankle-brachial index (ABI).  The objective for this study was to evaluate arterial stiffness and arteriosclerosis in chronic kidney disease patients with stage 1-5.

Method:  This was a cross sectional study, the data were collected from chronic kidney disease patients at Naresuan Universiry hospital, Phitsanulok from September to November 2015.  Questionnaires about basic information, weight, height, blood pressure, CAVI and ABI were performed. 

Results:  The number of patients with chronic kidney disease in this study were 86.  Most of patients had hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia.  The average of R-CAVI and L-CAVI values in chronic kidney disease patients with stage 2 were 8.08 and 8.15, patients with stage 3 were 8.96 and 8.98, and patients with stage 5 were 8.58 and 8.58 meaning that the patients with stage 2, 3 and 5 were at the risk of arterial stiffness.  The average of R-CAVI and L-CAVI values in patients with stage 4 were 9.25 and 9.45 meaning that the patients had arterial stiffness.  The average of R-CAVI in chronic kidney disease patients with stage 3 and 4 were significantly higher than the patients with stage 1 (p<0.01, p<0.01, respectively).  The average of L-CAVI in chronic kidney disease patients with stage 3 and 4 were significantly higher than the patients with stage 1 (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively).  Patients with stage 3 were detected the most number of arterial stiffness.  The ABI value indicates arteriosclerosis.  The average of L-ABI value in chronic kidney disease patients with stage 2 was 0.99 meaning that the patients were possible arteriosclerosis.  Patients with stage 3-5 found arteriosclerosis by 20.93%.  In conclusion the numbers of abnormal CAVI and ABI values were increased in patients with the severity of chronic kidney disease.  Therefore, the evaluation of peripheral artery may be useful for checking and follow up in chronic kidney disease patients.