Can the SNP on TCF19 and POU5F1 predict risk in allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions in Thai Patients?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/gag.2020.7Keywords:
HLA-B*58:01; allopurinol; Thai; SCAR; cADR; drug hypersensitivityAbstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association of Human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B), Transcription Factor 19 (TCF19) and POU Class 5 Homeobox 1 (POU5F1) genes with allopurinol-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs), including Stevens-Johnson syndrome/ toxic epidermal necrosis (SJS/TEN; n=21), drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS; n=16) and maculopapular exanthema (MPE; n=7) in Thai patients. This case-control association study compares 44 cases with allopurinol-induced cADR with allopurinol-tolerant control patients (n=100) and a population control group (n=1,095). The control group comprised patients who had received allopurinol for more than 6 months without any adverse cutaneous event. HLA alleles were genotyped using a two-stage sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe system (PCR-SSOP).Variants in TCF19 (rs9263794 and rs1044870) and POU5F1 (rs9263796) were genotyped. The risk of allopurinol-induced cADR was significantly higher in the patients with HLA-B*58:01 allele with an odds ratio 240 (95%CI: 57.19–1007.08, p<0.001). In addition, the single nucleotide polymorphisms were also significantly associated with the allopurinol-induced cADR (rs9263794; OR 57.20, p< 0.001, rs1044870; OR 77.31, p< 0.001 and rs9263796; OR 84.14, p<0.001) Furthermore, we found that gender, at the initiation of treatment was associated with allopurinol-induced cADR (OR 59.00, 95%CI: 19.57–98.42, p<0.01). These results suggest that screening tests for HLA-B*58:01 alleles in patients who will be treated with low dosage of allopurinol will be clinically helpful in preventing the risk of developing DRESS, SJS/TEN and MPE in Thai population.
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