Molecular genetics of diabetes mellitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/tjg.2008.1Keywords:
diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, genetic susceptibility, pathogenesis, diabetic complicationAbstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that causes major public health problem worldwide. In Thailand, it was estimated that 9.6% or 2.4 million adults were affected with DM and the prevalence is increasing. The unawareness of having the disease leads to delayed treatment and development of chronic complications. The cost for management of DM and its complications is increasing enormously, causing a great economic and healthcare burden. DM is caused by both environmental and genetic factors. Although type 1 diabetes (T1D) is not a genetically predestined disease, an increased susceptibility to the disease can be inherited. Genetic factor plays a crucial role in pathogenesis and complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D) while environmental factors are also required for the disease development. Even if modifications of life-style are important for controlling T2D, the identification of susceptibility genes will lead to understanding of its complex pathogenesis and development of more effective treatment. Up to date, a number of diabetic susceptible genes are identified in Western populations. It is now the time to identify the causative and susceptibility genes of diabetes in Thai. This review aims to provide a current overview of molecular genetics of DM and some available information in Thais.
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