Genetic and geometric analyses of Zeugodacus tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the different host types
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/gag.2019.5Keywords:
cucurbit fruits; Zeugodacus tau; adaptationAbstract
Zeugodacus tau (Walker), a fruit fly pest, has caused damage to fruits and cucurbit crops in Southeast Asia including Thailand. Different cucurbit fruits have some unique characteristics that directly or indirectly influence the fruit fly pest. To investigate either adaptation or specification of Z. tau to different fruit types, genetic and geometric analyses were used for verification. The Cytochrome Oxidase I haplotypes of Z. tau collected from three cucurbit fruit species, luffa (Luffa aegyptiaca), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) and winter melon (Benincasa hispida) were examined by Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism analysis. Nine distinct haplotypes (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I) were found. The unique haplotypes were detected in Z. tau population from luffa (haplotypes E, F and H) at very low levels, while haplotypes C and D were presented in all populations at higher levels. Moreover, mean haplotype diversities were high for all populations expected to relate with gene flow among populations. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) also revealed low FST value (0.085) of the genetic differences among Z. tau populations from different fruit types suggesting that Z. tau can move freely among host plants. In contrast, the morphological differences in Z. tau associated with host fruit species were investigated by geometric analysis based on 13 wing landmarks. The differences were described by the two discriminant factors (male: DF1 = 53% and DF2 = 47%, female: DF1 = 64% and DF2 = 36%). The differences in wing morphology of Z. tau from each populations indicated that fruit species play an important role during larval adaptation of phytophagous insects.
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