Genetic and morphological variation in three populations of Donax spp. in the gulf of Thailand
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/tjg.2012.13Keywords:
morphometric, variation, ISSR marker and Donax spp.Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the genetic and morphological variation among the three populations of Donax spp. along the Gulf of Thailand. Samples were collected from Bangsean, Cha-Am and Suansonsandy beaches, and analyzed to reveal genetic and morphological variation by using 4 loci based on Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats markers and 5 morphological variables, respectively. The discriminant function analysis of morphology presented a clear separation among three populations. Polymorphisms were detected at 4 loci across all three populations. The mean number of alleles ranged from 1.65±0.48 to 1.90±0.30 and the effective number of alleles ranged from 1.18±0.27 to 1.29±0.30. Donax spp. from Suanson beach showed the lowest level of genetic variation which Nei’s (1973) gene diversity was 0.16±0.17. While Nei’s (1973) gene diversity of Donax spp. from Bangsean and Cha-Am beaches were 0.18±0.15 and 0.19±0.16, respectively. Percentage of polymorphic loci ranged from 66.22 to 89.86%. Overall results from this research based on genetic variation were in the range of most other marine bivalves, which allows for potential adaptation to environmental changes. Furthermore, the results can be indicated that population of Donax spp. from Suanson beach should be treated as separated units for conservation management.
References
Carstensen, D., Arntz, W., Schiel, S., Held, C. and Laudien, J. 2006. Genetic distances between Donax marincovichi and Donax obesulus confirmed by morphological features. International Conference on The Humboldt Current System: Climate, Ocean Dynamics, Ecosystem Processes, and Fisheries. 27 November–1 December 2006, Lima, Peru.
Choi, J.H., Jung, H.Y., Kim, H.S. and Cho, H.G. 2000. PhyloDraw: a phylogenetic tree drawing system. Bioinformatics 16: 1056–1058.
Dungchangwat, T., Roachanakanan, R., Naiyanetr, P. and Songchitsomboon, S. 2011. Accumulations of heavy metals in edible Hoi Seab Donax faba GMELIN, 1789 at beaches of Rayong Province, Thailand. The 37th Congress on Science and Technology of Thailand. 10-12 October 2011, Centara Grand & Bangkok Convention Centre at Central World, Bangkok, Thailand.
Fishelson, L., Bresler, V., Manelis, R., Zuk-Rimon, Z., Dotan, A., Hornung, H. and Yawetz, A. 1999. Toxicological aspects associated with the ecology of Donax trunculus (Bivalvia, Mollusca) in a polluted environment. Sci Total Environ 226: 121–131.
Hou, L., Lu, H., Zou, X., Bi, X., Yan, D. and He, C. 2006. Genetic characterizations of Mactra veneriformis (Bivalve) along the Chinese coast using ISSR-PCR markers. Aquaculture. 261: 865–871.
Kong, L., Li, Q. and Qiu, Z. 2007. Genetic and morphological differentiation in the clam Coelomactra antiquate (Bivalvia: Veneroida) along the coast of China. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 343: 110–117.
Laudien, J., Flint, N.S., van der Bank, F.H. and Brey, T. 2003. Genetic and morphological variation in four populations of the surf clam Donax serra (Roding) from southern African sandy beaches. Biochem Syst Ecol 31: 751–772.
Levitan, D.R. 1988. Density-dependent size regulation and negative growth in the sea urchin Diadema antillarum Philippi. Oecologia 76: 627–629.
Lewontin, R.C. 1972. Testing the theory of natural selection. Nature. 236: 181–182.
Nei, M. 1973. Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 70: 3321–3323.
Rosenberg, N.A. 2004. Distruct - a program for the graphical display of population structure. Mol. Ecol. Notes. 4: 137–138.
Schlüter, P.M. and Harris, S.A. 2006. Analysis of multilocus fingerprinting data sets containing missing data. Mol Ecol Notes 6: 569–572.
Soares, A.G., Scapini, F., Brown, A.C. and McLachlan, A. 1999. Phenotypic plasticity, genetic similarity and evolutionary inertia in changing environments. J Molluscan Stud 65: 136–139.
Thairit, T., Roachanakanan, R., Naiyanetr, P. and Songchitsomboon, S. 2011. Accumulation of heavy metals in bivalve mollusc: Hoi Seab Donax incarnates GMELIN, 1789 at Mae Rumphung, Suanson and Mae Pim beaches, Rayong Province, Thailand. The 37th Congress on Science and Technology of Thailand. 10-12 October 2011, Centara Grand & Bangkok Convention Centre at Central World, Bangkok, Thailand.
Valle, P.L., Nicoletti, L., Finoia, M.G. and Ardizzone, G.D. 2011. Donax trunculus (Bivalve: Donacidae) as a potential biological indicator of grain-size variations in beach sediment. Ecol Indic 11: 1426–1436.
Zhao, Y., Li, Q., Kong, L. and Mao, Y. 2009. Genetic and morphological variation in the venus calm Cyclinasinensis along the coast of China. Hydrobiologia 635: 227–235.
