Sex steroids regulate genes containing intragenic LINE-1 during menstrual cycle
Keywords:
Estrogen, Progesterone, Menstrual cycle, LINE1Abstract
ABSTRACT
Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) are retrotransposible element. Recent studies showed that gene containing LINE-1s are regulated by epigenetic regulation of intragenic LINE-1s in cancer and in embryonic development. Moreover, intragenic LINE-1 may possess a regulatory function under physiologic condition. We hypothesized that female sex steroids could altered expressions of genes containing LINE-1. Here we analyzed the influence of intragenic LINE-1on gene expression during menstrual phases by using expression array data from public database (Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo). Gene expression levels in early-, mid- and late- secretory phase were compared with those in proliferative phase. Genes containing intragenic LINE-1were highly and significantly up-regulated in early-secretory phase as compared to those in proliferative phase in both GSEs tested (GSE6364 with p< 1.05E-10; OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.88–1.40 and GSE4888 with p<2.22E-10; OR=1.61; 95% CI=1.87-1.39). While genes containing intragenic LINE-1 were significantly up-regulated in both mid and late-secretory phase as compared to those in proliferative phase (GSE4888 with p< 5.66E-03; OR=1.24; 95% CI = 1.44–1.06 and p<1.14E-04; OR=1.42; 95% CI=1.69-1.19. Whereas genes containing intragenic LINE-1 were found to be significantly down-regulated only in mid-secretory phase as compared to those in proliferative phase. (GSE6364 p<2.98E-02; OR=1.15; 95% CI=1.31-1.01 and GSE4888 p<6.22E-04; OR=1.25; 95% CI=1.41-1.10). Together, these data suggested that intragenic LINE-1 could play a role in regulation and expression of sex steroid regulated genes during menstrual cycle.
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