Association of Vitamin D Deficiency and Depression
Keywords:
Vitamin D; sunlight; vitamin D deficiency; vitamin D insufficiency; depression; vitamin D and depression; vitamin D supplementsAbstract
It is now generally accepted that vitamin D deficiency is a health problem that affects not only musculoskeletal health but also a wide range of physical and mental disorders that include cardiovascular disease, diabetes, various cancers and nervous system problem leading to mental health problem. Vitamin D deficiency or low level are associated with schizophrenia, depression, Alzheimer’s disease and among others. Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency include lacking of adequate sun exposure , living in northern latitude areas, habitual indoor activities, darker skin, obesity, old age , postpartum women, newborn. Unbelievably that 45.2 percent of Thai people have low level of vitamin D. Vitamin D plays an important role in the prevention of various mental health problems especially depression. Globally, more than 300 million people of all ages suffer from depression. More women are affected by depression than men. Depression is the most common cause of depression is generally considered to be complex. An increasing number of studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with the occurrence of depression. In this review has collected and criticized the importance of vitamin D, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency especially in the Thai population. And the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and depression. The administration of vitamin D to supplement the treatment of depression is discussed. Hopefully, this article will be useful for health promotion.
References
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2. Holick MF, Chen TC, Lu Z, Sauter E. Vitamin D and skin physiology: a D-rightful story. J Bone Miner Res 2007; 22: V28–33.
3. Maxwell JD. Seasonal variation in vitamin D. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 1994; 53:533–43.
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6. Overeem K, Eyles DW, McGrath JJ, Burne TH. The impact of vitamin D deficiency on behaviour and brain function in rodents. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2016; 7: 47–52.
7. Pilz S, März W, Wellnitz B, Seelhorst U, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Dimai HP, et al. Association of vitamin D deficiency with heart failure and sudden cardiac death in a large cross-sectional study of patients referred for coronary angiography. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93: 3927–35.
8. Skaaby T. The relationship of vitamin D status to risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Dan Med J 2015; 62: B5008.
9. Cantorna MT, Snyder L, Lin Y-D, Yang L. Vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2D Regulation of T cells. Nutrients 2015; 7: 3011–21.
10. Dalgard C, Petersen MS, Weihe P, Grandjean P. Vitamin D Status in Relation to Glucose Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes in Septuagenarians. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: 1284–8.
11. Qu G-B, Wang L-L, Tang X, Wu W, Sun Y-H. The association between vitamin D level and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An update systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2017; 9: 25–31.
12. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (US) Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D [Internet]. Ross AC, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, Del Valle HB, editors. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011. (The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56070/
13. Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Gordon CM, Hanley DA, Heaney RP, et al. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96: 1911-30.
14. Nair R, Maseeh A. Vitamin D: The “sunshine” vitamin. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2012; 3:118–26.
15. Wagner CL, Greer FR, American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics 2008; 122: 1142–52.
16. Harinarayan CV, Holick MF, Prasad UV, Vani PS, Himabindu G. Vitamin D status and sun exposure in India. Dermatoendocrinol 2013; 5: 130–41.
17. Grigalavicius M, Moan J, Dahlback A, Juzeniene A. Daily, seasonal, and latitudinal variations in solar ultraviolet A and B radiation in relation to vitamin D production and risk for skin cancer. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55: e23–8.
18. Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 266–81.
19. Webb AR, Kline L, Holick MF. Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 67: 373–8.
20. Moan J, Porojnicu AC, Dahlback A, Setlow RB. Addressing the health benefits and risks, involving vitamin D or skin cancer, of increased sun exposure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008; 105: 668–73.
21. Pettifor JM, Moodley GP, Hough FS, Koch H, Chen T, Lu Z, et al. The effect of season and latitude on in vitro vitamin D formation by sunlight in South Africa. S Afr Med J 1996; 86: 1270–2.
22. Agarwal KS, Mughal MZ, Upadhyay P, Berry JL, Mawer EB, Puliyel JM. The impact of atmospheric pollution on vitamin D status of infants and toddlers in Delhi, India. Arch Dis Child 2002;87:111–3.
23. Manicourt DH, Devogelaer JP. Urban tropospheric ozone increases the prevalence of vitamin Ddeficiency among Belgian postmenopausal women with outdoor activities during summer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93: 3893–9.
24. Libon F, Courtois J, Le Goff C, Lukas P, Fabregat-Cabello N, Seidel L, et al. Sunscreens block cutaneous vitamin D production with only a minimal effect on circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Arch Osteoporos 2017; 12: 66.
25. Jones P, Lucock M, Veysey M, Beckett E. The Vitamin D–Folate Hypothesis as an Evolutionary Model for Skin Pigmentation: An Update and Integration of Current Ideas. Nutrients [Internet]. 2018 Apr 30 [cited 2019 May 7]; 10(5): 554. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5986434/
26. MacLaughlin J, Holick MF. Aging decreases the capacity of human skin to produce vitamin D3. J Clin Invest 1985; 76: 1536–8.
27. Nowson CA, Diamond TH, Pasco JA, Mason RS, Sambrook PN, Eisman JA. Vitamin D in Australia. Issues and recommendations. Aust Fam Physician 2004; 33: 133–8.
28. Rusinska A, Pludowski P, Walczak M, Borszewska-Kornacka MK, Bossowski A, Chlebna-Sokol D, et al. Vitamin D Supplementation Guidelines for General Population and Groups at Risk of Vitamin D Deficiency in Poland-Recommendations of the Polish Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes and the Expert Panel With Participation of National Specialist Consultants and Representatives of Scientific Societies-2018 Update. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9: 246.
29. ธวัชชัย พีรพัฒน์ดิษฐ์, ณัฏฐา รัชตะนาวิน, สมชาย พัฒนอางกุล, สุทิน ศรีอัษฎาพร, ละออ ชัยลือกิจ, บุญส่ง องค์พิพัฒนกุล. สมาคมต่อมไร้ท่อแห่งประเทศไทย. ข้อแนะนำเกี่ยวกับภาวะขาดวิตามินดีในคนไทย. thaiendocrine.org [Internet]. [cited Mar 13, 2019]. Available from: http://www.thaiendocrine.org/main_th/node/632
30. Manios Y, Moschonis G, Lambrinou C-P, Tsoutsoulopoulou K, Binou P, Karachaliou A, et al. A systematic review of vitamin D status in southern European countries. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57: 2001–36.
31. Chakhtoura M, Akl EA, El Ghandour S, Shawwa K, Arabi A, Mahfoud Z, et al. Impact of vitamin D replacement in adults and elderly in the Middle East and North Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28: 35–46.
32. Parva NR, Tadepalli S, Singh P, Qian A, Joshi R, Kandala H, et al. Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Risk Factors in the US Population (2011-2012). Cureus 2018; 10: e2741.
33. Siwamogsatham O, Ongphiphadhanakul B, Tangpricha V. Vitamin D deficiency in Thailand. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2015; 2: 48–49.
34. Chailurkit L, Aekplakorn W, Ongphiphadhanakul B. Regional variation and determinants of vitamin D status in sunshine-abundant Thailand. BMC Public Health 2011; 11: 853.
35. Chaiyodsilp S, Pureekul T, Srisuk Y, Euathanikkanon C. A Cross Section Study of Vitamin D levels in Thai Office Workers. The Bangkok Medical Journal [Internet]. 2015 Mar 2 [cited May 3, 2019]; 9: 8-11. Available from: http://submit.bangkokmedjournal.com/index.php/bangkok-medical-journal/article/view/253
36. Nimitphong H, Holick MF. Vitamin D status and sun exposure in southeast Asia. Dermato-Endocrinology 2013; 5: 34–7.
37. Rojroongwasinkul N, Kijboonchoo K, Wimonpeerapattana W, Purttiponthanee S, Yamborisut U, Boonpraderm A, et al. SEANUTS: the nutritional status and dietary intakes of 0.5-12-year-old Thai children. Br J Nutr 2013; 110: S36–44.
38. Rajatanavin N, Kanokrungsee S, Aekplakorn W. Vitamin D status in Thai dermatologists and working-age Thai population. J Dermatol 2019; 46: 206–12.
39. World Health Organization. Depression [Internet]. 2018 March 22. [cited May 4, 2019]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression
40. กรมสุขภาพจิต กระทรวงสาธารณสุข. จิตป่วย “ ภัยคุกคามสังคมไทย? จุดชนวนทำผิด... ไม่ต้องรับผิด? [Internet]. 2018 Aug 25 [cited May 4, 2019]. Available from: https://www.dmh.go.th/news-dmh/view.asp?id=28157
41. Anacker C. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in depression: behavioral implications and regulation by the stress system. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2014; 18: 25–43.
42. Fogoros RN, Chaves C, Forman J, Gallagher C, Gans S, Garbi L, et al. 7 Types Common Types of Depression. [Internet] 2019 April 23. [cited May 4, 2019]. Available from: https://www.verywellmind.com/common-types-of-depression-1067313
43. Pan A, Lu L, Franco OH, Yu Z, Li H, Lin X. Association between depressive symptoms and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. J Affect Disord 2009; 118: 240–3.
44. Zhao G, Ford ES, Li C, Balluz LS. No associations between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone and depression among US adults. Br J Nutr 2010; 104: 1696–702.
45. Black LJ, Jacoby P, Allen KL, Trapp GS, Hart PH, Byrne SM, et al. Low vitamin D levels are associated with symptoms of depression in young adult males. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2014; 48: 464–71.
46. Hoogendijk WJG, Lips P, Dik MG, Deeg DJH, Beekman ATF, Penninx BWJH. Depression is associated with decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D and increased parathyroid hormone levels in older adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008; 65: 508–12.
47. May HT, Bair TL, Lappé DL, Anderson JL, Horne BD, Carlquist JF, et al. Association of vitamin D levels with incident depression among a general cardiovascular population. American Heart Journal 2010; 159: 1037–43.
48. Milaneschi Y, Shardell M, Corsi AM, Vazzana R, Bandinelli S, Guralnik JM, et al. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Depressive Symptoms in Older Women and Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95: 3225–33.
49. Anglin RES, Samaan Z, Walter SD, McDonald SD. Vitamin D deficiency and depression in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2013; 202: 100–7.
50. Milaneschi Y, Hoogendijk W, Lips P, Heijboer AC, Schoevers R, van Hemert AM, et al. The association between low vitamin D and depressive disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19: 444–51.
51. Almeida OP, Hankey GJ, Yeap BB, Golledge J, Flicker L. Vitamin D concentration and its association with past, current and future depression in older men: The Health In Men Study. Maturitas 2015; 81: 36–41.
52. Moy FM, Hoe VC, Hairi NN, Vethakkan SR, Bulgiba A. Vitamin D deficiency and depression among women from an urban community in a tropical country. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20: 1844–50.
53. Wang J, Liu N, Sun W, Chen D, Zhao J, Zhang W. Association between vitamin D deficiency and antepartum and postpartum depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 298: 1045–59.
54. Erhard SM, Knitter S, Westphale R, Roll S, Keil T. Re: “Vitamin D supplementation to reduce depression in adults: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.” Gouda U et al., Nutrition 2015;31:421-429. Nutrition 2017; 38: 94.
55. Gowda U, Mutowo MP, Smith BJ, Wluka AE, Renzaho AMN. Vitamin D supplementation to reduce depression in adults: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition 2015; 31: 421–9.
56. Shaffer JA, Edmondson D, Wasson LT, Falzon L, Homma K, Ezeokoli N, et al. Vitamin D Supplementation for Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Psychosom Med 2014; 76: 190–6.
57. Vellekkatt F, Menon V. Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in major depression: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Postgrad Med 2019; 65: 74–80.
58. Sepehrmanesh Z, Kolahdooz F, Abedi F, Mazroii N, Assarian A, Asemi Z, et al. Vitamin D Supplementation Affects the Beck Depression Inventory, Insulin Resistance, and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. J Nutr 2016; 146: 243–8.
59. Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Nabizade L, Yassini-Ardakani SM, Hadinedoushan H, Barzegar K. The effect of 2 different single injections of high dose of vitamin D on improving the depression in depressed patients with vitamin D deficiency: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2013; 33: 378–85.
2. Holick MF, Chen TC, Lu Z, Sauter E. Vitamin D and skin physiology: a D-rightful story. J Bone Miner Res 2007; 22: V28–33.
3. Maxwell JD. Seasonal variation in vitamin D. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 1994; 53:533–43.
4. Parker GB, Brotchie H, Graham RK. Vitamin D and depression. J Affect Disord 2017; 208: 56–61.
5. Eyles DW, Burne THJ, McGrath JJ. Vitamin D, effects on brain development, adult brain function and the links between low levels of vitamin D and neuropsychiatric disease. Front Neuroendocrinol 2013; 34: 47–64.
6. Overeem K, Eyles DW, McGrath JJ, Burne TH. The impact of vitamin D deficiency on behaviour and brain function in rodents. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2016; 7: 47–52.
7. Pilz S, März W, Wellnitz B, Seelhorst U, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Dimai HP, et al. Association of vitamin D deficiency with heart failure and sudden cardiac death in a large cross-sectional study of patients referred for coronary angiography. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93: 3927–35.
8. Skaaby T. The relationship of vitamin D status to risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Dan Med J 2015; 62: B5008.
9. Cantorna MT, Snyder L, Lin Y-D, Yang L. Vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2D Regulation of T cells. Nutrients 2015; 7: 3011–21.
10. Dalgard C, Petersen MS, Weihe P, Grandjean P. Vitamin D Status in Relation to Glucose Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes in Septuagenarians. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: 1284–8.
11. Qu G-B, Wang L-L, Tang X, Wu W, Sun Y-H. The association between vitamin D level and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An update systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2017; 9: 25–31.
12. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (US) Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D [Internet]. Ross AC, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, Del Valle HB, editors. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011. (The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health). Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56070/
13. Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Gordon CM, Hanley DA, Heaney RP, et al. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96: 1911-30.
14. Nair R, Maseeh A. Vitamin D: The “sunshine” vitamin. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2012; 3:118–26.
15. Wagner CL, Greer FR, American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics 2008; 122: 1142–52.
16. Harinarayan CV, Holick MF, Prasad UV, Vani PS, Himabindu G. Vitamin D status and sun exposure in India. Dermatoendocrinol 2013; 5: 130–41.
17. Grigalavicius M, Moan J, Dahlback A, Juzeniene A. Daily, seasonal, and latitudinal variations in solar ultraviolet A and B radiation in relation to vitamin D production and risk for skin cancer. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55: e23–8.
18. Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 266–81.
19. Webb AR, Kline L, Holick MF. Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 67: 373–8.
20. Moan J, Porojnicu AC, Dahlback A, Setlow RB. Addressing the health benefits and risks, involving vitamin D or skin cancer, of increased sun exposure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008; 105: 668–73.
21. Pettifor JM, Moodley GP, Hough FS, Koch H, Chen T, Lu Z, et al. The effect of season and latitude on in vitro vitamin D formation by sunlight in South Africa. S Afr Med J 1996; 86: 1270–2.
22. Agarwal KS, Mughal MZ, Upadhyay P, Berry JL, Mawer EB, Puliyel JM. The impact of atmospheric pollution on vitamin D status of infants and toddlers in Delhi, India. Arch Dis Child 2002;87:111–3.
23. Manicourt DH, Devogelaer JP. Urban tropospheric ozone increases the prevalence of vitamin Ddeficiency among Belgian postmenopausal women with outdoor activities during summer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93: 3893–9.
24. Libon F, Courtois J, Le Goff C, Lukas P, Fabregat-Cabello N, Seidel L, et al. Sunscreens block cutaneous vitamin D production with only a minimal effect on circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Arch Osteoporos 2017; 12: 66.
25. Jones P, Lucock M, Veysey M, Beckett E. The Vitamin D–Folate Hypothesis as an Evolutionary Model for Skin Pigmentation: An Update and Integration of Current Ideas. Nutrients [Internet]. 2018 Apr 30 [cited 2019 May 7]; 10(5): 554. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5986434/
26. MacLaughlin J, Holick MF. Aging decreases the capacity of human skin to produce vitamin D3. J Clin Invest 1985; 76: 1536–8.
27. Nowson CA, Diamond TH, Pasco JA, Mason RS, Sambrook PN, Eisman JA. Vitamin D in Australia. Issues and recommendations. Aust Fam Physician 2004; 33: 133–8.
28. Rusinska A, Pludowski P, Walczak M, Borszewska-Kornacka MK, Bossowski A, Chlebna-Sokol D, et al. Vitamin D Supplementation Guidelines for General Population and Groups at Risk of Vitamin D Deficiency in Poland-Recommendations of the Polish Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes and the Expert Panel With Participation of National Specialist Consultants and Representatives of Scientific Societies-2018 Update. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9: 246.
29. ธวัชชัย พีรพัฒน์ดิษฐ์, ณัฏฐา รัชตะนาวิน, สมชาย พัฒนอางกุล, สุทิน ศรีอัษฎาพร, ละออ ชัยลือกิจ, บุญส่ง องค์พิพัฒนกุล. สมาคมต่อมไร้ท่อแห่งประเทศไทย. ข้อแนะนำเกี่ยวกับภาวะขาดวิตามินดีในคนไทย. thaiendocrine.org [Internet]. [cited Mar 13, 2019]. Available from: http://www.thaiendocrine.org/main_th/node/632
30. Manios Y, Moschonis G, Lambrinou C-P, Tsoutsoulopoulou K, Binou P, Karachaliou A, et al. A systematic review of vitamin D status in southern European countries. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57: 2001–36.
31. Chakhtoura M, Akl EA, El Ghandour S, Shawwa K, Arabi A, Mahfoud Z, et al. Impact of vitamin D replacement in adults and elderly in the Middle East and North Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28: 35–46.
32. Parva NR, Tadepalli S, Singh P, Qian A, Joshi R, Kandala H, et al. Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Risk Factors in the US Population (2011-2012). Cureus 2018; 10: e2741.
33. Siwamogsatham O, Ongphiphadhanakul B, Tangpricha V. Vitamin D deficiency in Thailand. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2015; 2: 48–49.
34. Chailurkit L, Aekplakorn W, Ongphiphadhanakul B. Regional variation and determinants of vitamin D status in sunshine-abundant Thailand. BMC Public Health 2011; 11: 853.
35. Chaiyodsilp S, Pureekul T, Srisuk Y, Euathanikkanon C. A Cross Section Study of Vitamin D levels in Thai Office Workers. The Bangkok Medical Journal [Internet]. 2015 Mar 2 [cited May 3, 2019]; 9: 8-11. Available from: http://submit.bangkokmedjournal.com/index.php/bangkok-medical-journal/article/view/253
36. Nimitphong H, Holick MF. Vitamin D status and sun exposure in southeast Asia. Dermato-Endocrinology 2013; 5: 34–7.
37. Rojroongwasinkul N, Kijboonchoo K, Wimonpeerapattana W, Purttiponthanee S, Yamborisut U, Boonpraderm A, et al. SEANUTS: the nutritional status and dietary intakes of 0.5-12-year-old Thai children. Br J Nutr 2013; 110: S36–44.
38. Rajatanavin N, Kanokrungsee S, Aekplakorn W. Vitamin D status in Thai dermatologists and working-age Thai population. J Dermatol 2019; 46: 206–12.
39. World Health Organization. Depression [Internet]. 2018 March 22. [cited May 4, 2019]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression
40. กรมสุขภาพจิต กระทรวงสาธารณสุข. จิตป่วย “ ภัยคุกคามสังคมไทย? จุดชนวนทำผิด... ไม่ต้องรับผิด? [Internet]. 2018 Aug 25 [cited May 4, 2019]. Available from: https://www.dmh.go.th/news-dmh/view.asp?id=28157
41. Anacker C. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in depression: behavioral implications and regulation by the stress system. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2014; 18: 25–43.
42. Fogoros RN, Chaves C, Forman J, Gallagher C, Gans S, Garbi L, et al. 7 Types Common Types of Depression. [Internet] 2019 April 23. [cited May 4, 2019]. Available from: https://www.verywellmind.com/common-types-of-depression-1067313
43. Pan A, Lu L, Franco OH, Yu Z, Li H, Lin X. Association between depressive symptoms and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. J Affect Disord 2009; 118: 240–3.
44. Zhao G, Ford ES, Li C, Balluz LS. No associations between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone and depression among US adults. Br J Nutr 2010; 104: 1696–702.
45. Black LJ, Jacoby P, Allen KL, Trapp GS, Hart PH, Byrne SM, et al. Low vitamin D levels are associated with symptoms of depression in young adult males. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2014; 48: 464–71.
46. Hoogendijk WJG, Lips P, Dik MG, Deeg DJH, Beekman ATF, Penninx BWJH. Depression is associated with decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D and increased parathyroid hormone levels in older adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008; 65: 508–12.
47. May HT, Bair TL, Lappé DL, Anderson JL, Horne BD, Carlquist JF, et al. Association of vitamin D levels with incident depression among a general cardiovascular population. American Heart Journal 2010; 159: 1037–43.
48. Milaneschi Y, Shardell M, Corsi AM, Vazzana R, Bandinelli S, Guralnik JM, et al. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Depressive Symptoms in Older Women and Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95: 3225–33.
49. Anglin RES, Samaan Z, Walter SD, McDonald SD. Vitamin D deficiency and depression in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2013; 202: 100–7.
50. Milaneschi Y, Hoogendijk W, Lips P, Heijboer AC, Schoevers R, van Hemert AM, et al. The association between low vitamin D and depressive disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19: 444–51.
51. Almeida OP, Hankey GJ, Yeap BB, Golledge J, Flicker L. Vitamin D concentration and its association with past, current and future depression in older men: The Health In Men Study. Maturitas 2015; 81: 36–41.
52. Moy FM, Hoe VC, Hairi NN, Vethakkan SR, Bulgiba A. Vitamin D deficiency and depression among women from an urban community in a tropical country. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20: 1844–50.
53. Wang J, Liu N, Sun W, Chen D, Zhao J, Zhang W. Association between vitamin D deficiency and antepartum and postpartum depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 298: 1045–59.
54. Erhard SM, Knitter S, Westphale R, Roll S, Keil T. Re: “Vitamin D supplementation to reduce depression in adults: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.” Gouda U et al., Nutrition 2015;31:421-429. Nutrition 2017; 38: 94.
55. Gowda U, Mutowo MP, Smith BJ, Wluka AE, Renzaho AMN. Vitamin D supplementation to reduce depression in adults: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition 2015; 31: 421–9.
56. Shaffer JA, Edmondson D, Wasson LT, Falzon L, Homma K, Ezeokoli N, et al. Vitamin D Supplementation for Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Psychosom Med 2014; 76: 190–6.
57. Vellekkatt F, Menon V. Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in major depression: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Postgrad Med 2019; 65: 74–80.
58. Sepehrmanesh Z, Kolahdooz F, Abedi F, Mazroii N, Assarian A, Asemi Z, et al. Vitamin D Supplementation Affects the Beck Depression Inventory, Insulin Resistance, and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. J Nutr 2016; 146: 243–8.
59. Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Nabizade L, Yassini-Ardakani SM, Hadinedoushan H, Barzegar K. The effect of 2 different single injections of high dose of vitamin D on improving the depression in depressed patients with vitamin D deficiency: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2013; 33: 378–85.
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2020-02-21
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Chanapa P. Association of Vitamin D Deficiency and Depression . SRIMEDJ [Internet]. 2020 Feb. 21 [cited 2024 Nov. 22];35(1):107-15. Available from: https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/SRIMEDJ/article/view/239924
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