Triggers and Risks Factor for Admission in Patients with Asthma Exacerbation: A Study from an Emergency Room Registration Database in a Tertiary Hospital in Northeastern Thailand
Keywords:
asthma exacerbation; risk factors for admission; triggersofosthma exacerbationAbstract
Background and objective: Asthma exacerbation is one of the common causes of emergency room visits. Recognizing risk factors for admission could lead to early management and a rapid decision for admission. Identifying the triggers of asthma exacerbation could help to establish effective preventive strategies. This study aimed to identify risk factors for hospital admission and triggers of asthma exacerbation.
Methods: A descriptive, retrospective study was conducted using data from the asthma exacerbation registration database of Emergency department, Srinagarind hospital, Khon Kaen university, Thailand. Children and adults aged > 12 years with asthma exacerbation, who visited our emergency room from November 2016- December 2017, were registered in the database.
The registration data consisted of demographic data, triggers of asthma exacerbation, asthma history, clinical presentation at initial assessment, and management at an emergency room. The data of admitted and non-admitted patients were compared and analyzed to identify risk factors for admission.
Results: Seventy-three patients were included. Six patients (8.21%) were admitted. Risks for admission were presence of underlying cardiovascular or respiratory diseases (OR 6.38, 95%CI 1.07-38.1, p = 0.044), requiring oxygen therapy (OR 1.2,95%CI 1.04-1.34, p = 0.01), and initial respiratory rate > 28 breaths/minute (OR 2.44, 95%CI 1.94- 3.6, p =0.005). The most common and the second most common triggers of asthma exacerbation were upper respiratory tract infection (38.81%) and poor adherence (16.42%), respectively
Conclusion: Risk factors for admission in patients with asthma exacerbation were presence of underlying cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, requiring oxygen therapy and initial respiratory rate > 28 breaths/minute. Upper respiratory tract infection and poor adherence were the two most common triggers of asthma exacerbation.
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