Seasonal Fluctuation of Cercarial Trematode Infections in Freshwater Snails of Bithynia Siamensis Goniomphalos from In-And Out-Season Rice Paddy Fields, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand
Keywords:
cercarial infection; Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos; in- and out-season rice paddy fieldAbstract
Background and Objective: Trematode infections have been considered as important public health in Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of trematode infections in Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos snails and analyze the association between prevalence of trematode infections with many factors.
Method: Cercarial infections in B. siamensis goniomphalos were studied in 2 localities of in- and out-season rice paddy fields in Khon Kaen Province (January 2014-February 2015).
Results: The average prevalence of cercarial infections in snails during the studying period was 2.82% (14 types of cercariae) in locality 1 and 2.67% (11 types of cercariae) in locality 2. The prevalence of cercarial infections with Ophthalmoxiphidiocercariae and Pleurolophocercous in female were higher than male snail. The prevalence of cercarial infections with Xiphidiocercariae (type virgulate 1, 2, and 3), Ophthalmoxiphidiocercariae, and Pleurolophocercous in large-sized snails were higher than medium and small-sized snails. Snails which were found in rainy season were higher prevalence of infection with Xiphidiocercariae type virgulate 2, Ophthalmoxiphidiocercariae and Pleurolophocercous than hot-dry season. Snails which were found in cool-dry season were higher prevalence of infection with Xiphidiocercariae (type virgulate 2 and 3), Ophthalmoxiphidiocercariae, and Pleurolophocercous than hot-dry season. But the prevalence of cercarial infections in the correlation factors of mean daily air temperature, average monthly rainfall, and salinity were not different significantly.
Conclusions: Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos snails served as intermediate host of various trematodes. Female snail was higher prevalence of infection than male snail. Large-sized snails were higher prevalence of infection than were medium-sized snails.
References
2. Wykoff DE, Harinasuta C, Juttijudata P, Winn MM. Opisthorchis viverrini in Thailand--the life cycle and comparison with O. felineus. J Parasitol 1965; 51: 207-14.
3. Nithiuthai S, Wiwanitkit V, Suwansaksri J, Chaengphukeaw P. A survey of trematode cercariae in Bithynia goniomphalos in northeast Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2002; 33: 106-9. [Cited May 4, 2019]. Available from: https://www.tm.mahidol.ac.th/seameo/2002-33-suppl-3/024-106.pdf
4. Sri-Aroon P, Butraporn P, Limsomboon J, Kerdpuech Y, Kaewpoolsri M, Kiatsiri S. Freshwater mollusks of medical importance in Kalasin Province, northeast Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2005; 36: 653-657. [Cited May 5, 2019]. Available from: https://www.tm.mahidol.ac.th/seameo/2005_36_3/19-3447.pdf
5. Tesana S, Thapsripair P, Suwannatrai A, Harauy S, Piratae S, Khampoosa P, et al. Parasite surveys and environmental management for prevention of parasitic infection in cultivated Barbonymus gonionotus (Cyprinidae) in fishponds, in an opisthorchiasis endemic area of northeast Thailand. Aquaculture 2014; 428-429: 54-60. [Cited May 5, 2019]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.02.031
6. Kiatsopit N, Sithithaworn P, Kopolrat K, Namsanor J, Andrews RH, Petney TN. Trematode diversity in the freshwater snail Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos sensu lato from Thailand and Lao PDR. J Helminthol 2015; 90: 312-20. [Cited May 7, 2019]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X15000292
7. Namsanor J, Sithithaworn P, Kopolrat K, Kiatsopit N, Pitaksakulrat O, Tesana S, et al. Seasonal transmission of Opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato and a lecithodendriid trematode species in Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos snails in northeast Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 93: 87-93. [Cited May 14, 2019]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.14-0639
8. Brandt R. The non-marine aquatic Mollusca of Thailand. Arch Mollusk 1974; 105: 1-423.
9. Chitramvong YP. The Bithyniidae (Gastropoda: Prosobanchia) of Thailand: comparative external morphology. Malacol Rev 1992; 25: 21-38.
10. Schell S. How to know the Trematode. Iowa: Wm C Brown 1970.
11. Yamaguti S. A synoptical review of life histories of digenetic trematodes of vertebrates. Kyoto: Keikaku Publishing 1975: 590.
12. Ditrich O, Scholz T, Aguirre-Macedo M, Vargas-Vázquez J. Larval stages of trematodes from freshwater molluscs of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Folia Parasit 1997; 44: 109-27.
13. Brooks D, O’Grady R, Glen D, Phylogenetic analysis of the Digenea (Platyhelminthes: Cercomeria) with comments on their adaptive radiation. Can J Zool 1985; 63: 411-43.
14. Prasopdee S, Kulsantiwong J, Piratae S, Khampoosa P, Thammasiri C, Suwannatrai A, et al. Temperature dependence of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in first intermediate host snail, Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos. Acta Trop 2015; 141: 112-7. [Cited May 14, 2019]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.10.011
15. Brockelman WY, Upatham ES, Viyanant V, Ardsungnoen S, Chantanawat R. Field studies on
the transmission of the human liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, in northeast Thailand: population changes of the snail intermediate host. Int J Parasitol 1986; 16: 545-52.
16. Kiatsopit N, Sithithaworn P, Saijuntha W, Boonmars T, Tesana S, Sithithaworn J, et al. Exceptionally high prevalence of infection of Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos with Opisthorchis viverrini cercariae in different wetlands in Thailand and Lao PDR. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 86(3): 464-9. [Cited May 20, 2019]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0217
17. Chanawong A, Waikagul J. Laboratory studies on host-parasite relationship of Bithynia snails and
the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1991; 22: 235-9.
