Factors Related to Term Singleton Low Birthweight: A Multicenter Case - Control Study
Keywords:
associated factor, term low birthweight, low birthweightAbstract
Background and Objectives: Low birthweight (<2,500 gram) is a crucial world health problem that still needs much more knowledge and the understanding. This study aimed to the factors associated with term singleton low birthweight infants. The knowledge gain will be use for the prevention and treatment of this condition.
Methods: A multicenter case - control study was conducted. The subjects were mothers and infants who delivered in Udon thani Hospital, Nonghan Hospital, Ban phue Hospital, Wanonniwat Hospital, Ban dung Hospital, Lom sak Hospital, and Ang thong Hospital during January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022 and met the study criteria. Data were collected from the electronic database then analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results: There were 22,489 term singleton infants with 1,138 term low birth weight infants (5.06%). The multiple logistic regression was conducted, the factors associated with the term low birthweight were nulliparous, low body mass index mother, poor pregnancy weight gain, maternal anemia, hypertensive disorder during pregnancy and female infant. The pregnancy outcomes of term low birthweight group had significantly higher stillbirth rate, birth asphyxia rate and neonatal intensive care ward admission rate. The term low birthweight neonatal intensive care ward admission rate was 12.74% and the birth asphyxia rate was 6.33%. The tenth percentile cut off point for the term low birthweight determination was 2,625 grams and 2,500 grams in low body mass index mother group. The infant weight < 2,300 grams significantly increased the birth asphyxia and neonatal intensive care unit admission rate.
Conclusion: The associated factors that affects the term low birthweight were nulliparous, low body mass index mother, poor pregnancy weight gain, maternal anemia, hypertensive disorder during pregnancy, and female infant. The mother with these conditions should be closely monitored and treated prenatally to prevent the serious complications. The cut point for term low birthweight determination was 2,625 grams and 2,500 grams in low body mass index mother. The risk of birth asphyxia and neonatal intensive care admission increased when the birth weight was < 2,300 gram.
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