Chronic Silicosis with Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: A Case Report

Abstract

Background and Objective: Silicosis is an occupational respiratory disease of significant public health concern, as it substantially impacts workers' health. It can present in various forms. This study presents a case report of silicosis with an uncommon clinical manifestation.
Methods: This is a single case report utilizing data extracted from the medical records of a tertiary care hospital in northeastern Thailand.
Results: The patient, a stone carver by occupation, was diagnosed with chronic silicosis based on a history of prolonged silica dust exposure exceeding 15 years, accompanied by a slowly progressive clinical course, mild respiratory symptoms, and radiographic findings consistent with chronic silicosis. Notably, pathological analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed coexisting pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). Although PAP is more commonly associated with acute and rapidly progressive forms of silicosis, this case demonstrated an atypical presentation with mild symptoms.

Conclusion: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is typically associated with acute silicosis; however, it can also occur, albeit rarely, in patients with chronic silicosis, as observed in this case. Recognizing the possibility of this rare comorbidity is crucial for ensuring accurate diagnosis and management.