MODELS OF PRESCRIPTION FILLING AND REFILLING SERVICES FOR CHRONIC DISEASE PATIENTS AT COMMUNITY PHARMACIES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69598/tbps.18.2.131-142Keywords:
fill prescription, refill prescription, chronic disease, community pharmacy, community pharmacy in foreign countriesAbstract
Prescription filling and refilling are pharmaceutical services for chronic disease patients that involve a pharmacist providing medication refill services for patients during the period before their next physician appointment. The pharmacist gives advice, monitors drug intake, searches and solves drug-related problems with the prescriber and expands community pharmacist roles. According to data on the services in community pharmacies in foreign countries, including the United Kingdom, Australia, South Korea, the United States, and Germany, it is general practice that each country has similar patterns of service provisions. They use different methods to set a list of reimbursable drugs, set a standard price for reimbursing the drug costs to the pharmacy, determine the professional fee for each service, and collect co-payments from patients. Additionally, information technology is supported to link community pharmacists to the health system, enabling access to necessary service information.
References
Emmerton L, Marriott J, Bessell T, Nissen L, Dean L. Pharmacists and prescribing rights: review of international developments. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2005;8(2):217-25.
Goldstein R, Hulme H, Willits J. Reviewing repeat prescribing - general practitioners and community pharmacists working together. Int J Pharm Prac. 1998;6(2):60-6.
Witry MJ, Doucette WR. Community pharmacists, medication monitoring, and the routine nature of refills:
a qualitative study. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2014;54(6):594-603.
Lochid-amnuay S, Waiyakarn S, Pongcharoensuk P, Koh-Knox C, Keokitichai S. Community pharmacy model under the Universal Coverage Scheme in Thailand. Thai J Hosp Pharm. 2010;19.
Thailand Ministry of Public Health. Administration of overcrowding reduction for Universal Health Coverage Service Unit by Type 1 Community Pharmacy Project-Guideline. Conference on Guidelines for Overcrowding Reduction for Universal Health Coverage Service Unit by Type 1 Community Pharmacy Project; 2019; Miracle Grand Convention Hotel. Bangkok.
Noyce PR. Providing patient care through community pharmacies in the UK: policy, practice, and research. Ann Pharmacother. 2007;41(5):861-8.
Williams G, Loveday C, McKie S. Australia. In: Dougherty E, editor. Global legal insights - pricing & reimbursement. 2 ed. London Global Legal Group; 2019. p. 9-22.
Roh K, Choi K. Korea. In: Dougherty E, editor. Global legal insights - pricing & reimbursement. 2 ed. London Global Legal Group; 2019. p. 145-50.
Dougherty E. USA. In: Dougherty E, editor. Global legal insights - pricing & reimbursement. 2 ed. London Global Legal Group; 2019. p. 227-68.
Reese U, Kemmner C. Germany. In: Dougherty E, editor. Global legal insights - pricing & reimbursement. 2 ed. London Global Legal Group; 2019. p. 84-98.
Eickhoff C, Schulz M. Pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies: practice and research in Germany. Ann Pharmacother. 2006;40(4):729-35.
Eickhoff C, Griese-Mammen N, Müeller U, Said A, Schulz M. Primary healthcare policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Germany. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2021;19(1):2248.
Petty D. Repeat prescription report 2017. [cited 2022 Dec 1]. Available from: https://www.pharmacy2u.co.uk/prescription-report.html.
Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) explanatory-notes. [cited 2022 Dec 1]. Available from: https://www.pbs.gov.au/info/healthpro/explanatory-notes.
A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. Getting a prescription filled. [cited 2022 Dec 1]. Available from: https:// medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001956.htm.
Hwang M, Young H. Pharmacists' roles and factors affecting patient care in Korea. Innov Pharm. 2015;6.
Pires C. Medical records in community pharmacies: the cases of UK and Australia. Foundations. 2022;2(2):399-408.
Blank C. Pharmacies brace for increased refills due to Coronavirus: drug topics. [cited 2022 Dec 12]. Available from: https://www.drugtopics.com/view/pharmacies-brace-increased-refills-due-coronavirus.
National Health Service. Electronic repeat dispensing - guidance 2015. [cited 2022 Dec 1]. Available from: https://www.england.nhs.uk/digitaltechnology/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2015/06/electronic-repeat-dispensing-guidance.pdf.
Brooks JM, Doucette WR, Wan S, Klepser DG. Retail pharmacy market structure and performance. Inquiry. 2008 Spring;45(1):75-88.
Castle G, Kelly B, Gathani R. United Kingdom. In: Dougherty E, editor. Global legal insights - pricing & reimbursement. 2 ed. London Global Legal Group; 2019. p. 215-26.
Pharmaceutical Services Negotiating Committee. Pharmacy funding. [cited 2022 Dec 21]. Available from: https://psnc.org.uk/funding-and-reimbursement/ pharmacy-funding/.
Services Australia. Detailed information on how prescription medicines are priced under the PBS and RPBS for pharmacists. [cited 2023 Jan 3]. Available from: https://www.servicesaustralia.gov.au/about-pbs-for-pharmacists?context=22861#a4.
Berndt ER, Newhouse JP. Pricing and Reimbursement in US Pharmaceutical Markets. In: Danzon PM, Nicholson S, editors. The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry: Oxford University Press; 2012.
Jang S, Byun J-h, Song I, Cho H. PPRI Pharma Profile of South Korea. 2018.
Stargardt T, Busse R, Dauben H. PPRI Pharma Profile of Germany. 2008.
WageIndicator Foundation. Minimum wages per country 2023. [updated 2023 may 30]. Available from: https://wageindicator.org/salary/minimum-wage/minimum-wages-per-country.
PayScale. Salary Data & Career Research Center 2023. [updated 2023 May 30. Available from: https://www.payscale.com/research/Country.
World Health Organization, Mathauer I, Xu K, Carrin G, Evans DB. An analysis of the health financing system of the Republic of Korea and options to strengthen health financing performance Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009 [updated 2009. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/341163.
Federal Union of German Associations of Pharmacists. German pharmacies: figure data facts 2022. [cited 2022 Dec 21]. [Available from: https://www.abda.de/en/ pharmacies-in-germany/drug-discount-contracts.
Pharmaceutical Services Negotiating Committee. What does the patient pay? [cited 2022 Dec 21]. Available from: https://psnc.org.uk/dispensing-supply/receiving-a-prescription/patient-charges/.
Powell T, Parkin E, Kulakiewicz A. NHS charges 2022. [cited 2022 Dec 21]. Available from: https://commonslibrary. parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-7227/.
National Health Insurance Service. Insurance benefits [cited 2022 Dec 21]. Available from: https://www.nhis.or.kr/ english/wbheaa02600m01.do.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
All articles published and information contained in this journal such as text, graphics, logos and images is copyrighted by and proprietary to the Thai Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and may not be reproduced in whole or in part by persons, organizations, or corporations other than the Thai Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the authors without prior written permission.
