Genetic Variation of Garra cambodgiensis at Yang River (Tributary of Nan River): A Case Study of Silaphet Waterfall, Nan Province
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Abstract
The question of this research derived from personal observation on the distinctively smaller size of Garra cambodgiensis at Silaphet Waterfall compared to those in other rivers. We hypothesized that the phenotype might be caused by the genetic effects. The small population size and absence of gene flow can lead to inbreeding and reduction in genetic diversity.Small body size of fish is one sign of inbreeding. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the genetic variation of G. cambodgiensis from three sites: Silaphet Waterfall, Donmoon, and Yuu in the Yang River, Nan province by using five polymorphic microsatellite loci. The genetic diversity of G. cambodgiensis from 3 sites was not significantly different (p>0.05). The Effective population size (Ne) in three samples was large and there was no evidence for recent bottleneck events in these populations. The genetic differentiation, the Analysis of Molecular variance (AMOVA) was Fixation index = 0.01189 (p=0.01466). The genetic distance was the highest (0.241) between Silaphet and Donmoon. According to the pairwise FST, the Silaphet was significantly different from Donmoon. The cluster and gene flow analysis found that the admix genetic and 3 samples were not distinguished. Pattern of genetic differentiation can be explained by the contemporary stream network R2=0.728. We discuss the results on the hydrological complexity that may imprint upon patterns of genetic variation of G. cambodgiensis in the Yang River.
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