Development of a Low-Cost Pulsed Vacuum Infrared (PVI) Drying System
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Abstract
In this study, a low-cost pulsed vacuum infrared (PVI) drying system was developed using locally available parts, allowing interested individuals to build and use it themselves. The ESP32 microcontroller, in conjunction with solenoid valves, infrared lamps and vacuum pumps, monitored and controlled the PVI drying process. The product used for testing the system was sliced lemongrass. The ratios between the time periods of vacuum and atmospheric pressures (tVP:tAP pulse ratios) used in the tests were 8:4, 13:4 and 18:4. The specific energy consumption (SEC) of the system, as well as the weight and moisture content of the dried product, were recorded. It was found that the tVP:tAP pulse ratio of 8:4 was optimal for drying with the developed system. The dried lemongrass had a final moisture content of less than 11%d.b. despite having the highest initial moisture content (roughly 55%d.b.) and the quickest drying time (roughly 180 min). The electrical energy consumption was roughly 0.6 kW×h, and the mean SEC was 0.019 MJ/g water. The total cost of the parts and materials was 10,450 baht and the payback period was 6.48 years. With the developed system, drying of agricultural products can be done efficiently using PVI. Nevertheless, the drying yield can be increased by increasing the number of trays and volume of the vacuum chamber.
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