Foot and Root Rot Disease of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum)

Abstract

Foot and root rot is the most serious disease which giving severe damage to black pepper in Thailand as well as in the orther countries. The disease attacks the root systems, underground stems, climbing stems, brancher, leaves, spikes and berries, resutting in that supporting post is left bare with main climbing stems and a small portion of lateral branches, finally. The causal organismw from different geographic location have been identified as Phytophthora palmivora, P. palmivora var. piperis, P. palmivora MF -4, P. capsici and P. parasitica. The large number of last pathogen has been found in both southern and eastern Thailland, but few of P. palmivora MF - 4 an dP. capsici were observed.