Toward the Identification of Dacini Fruit Flies (Diptera : Tephridae) in Thailand Using Phylogenetic and Wing Morphometrics Analyses
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/thaidoa-agres.2021.10Keywords:
fruit fly, morphometrics, phylogeneticsAbstract
Tropical fruit flies (Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) are among the world’s worst horticultural pests and are of particular biosecurity⁄ quarantine concern. Species of Dacini are notoriously difficult to identify using morphology, which, in view of their economic and international trade importance, creates ongoing difficulties for plant protection. The goal of this research was to perform phylogenetic and geometric
morphometric analyses to support definition of six species of importance to Thailand i.e Bactrocera correcta, B. carambolae, B. dorsalis, B. latifrons, Zeugodacus cucurbitae and Z. tau. Materials were collected from various kinds of fruit orchards and by lure trapping in all regions in Thailand during 2017 - 2018. Phylogenetic analyses of Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) DNA sequences of the six species were performed, Maximum Likelihoodand Bayesianinferenceof sequencesgaveconsistent results. Zeugodacus formed a reciprocally monophyletic sister group to a larger clade comprising the four species of Bactrocera. Wing morphometrics was based on 15 venation landmarks. Centroid sizes computed from landmark data differed significantly among sampled species (P < 0.05). Centroidsize was smallest for B. latifrons (5.53 ± 0.08 mm) andlargest for Z. tau (6.40 0.09 mm). Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) revealed a clear pattern in which species of Zeugodacus clustered together and were clearly separated from the cluster comprising species of Bactrocera. Individuals of each species clustered together with limitedoverlapping with congeneric species. The present study provides a basis for accurate identificationof the mosteconomicallyimportant Dacini inThailand,usinginternationalstandards and best practice. However, further study is needed, including incorporation of data from additionalgenes toidentify thenumerous membersof Dacinipresent inThailandandneighbouring countries and to characterzie these species so that they can be included in a comprehensive diagnostic system.
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