Response of Some Rice Varieties against the Fungus, Exserohilum rostratum, Causing Leaf Spot Disease on Rice and Expression of Plant Hormone Responsive Genes in Rice During Infection
Keywords:
rice leaf spot, Exserohilum rostratum, plant hormone-responsive genes, plant defense genes, plant disease resistanceAbstract
Exserohilum rostratum is an ascomycete fungus causing leaf spot on rice and rice seed discoloration in rice-growing areas of several countries. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the response of some rice varieties against E. rostratum and to analyse the expression of plant hormone-responsive genes during infection. Five different rice varieties, Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105), RD31, RD41, Pathum Thani 1, and Jao Hom Nin (JHN) were inoculated with each representative E. rostratum isolate (n=10). Results showed that JHN exhibited the lowest level of disease severity whereas KDML105 displayed the greatest disease severity when infected by E. rostratum. Subsequently, these two varieties were analysed to elucidate their respective defense mechanisms against E. rostratum. Expression of plant hormone-responsive genes, including OsPR1b and OsPBZ1 (salicylic acid-responsive defense genes), JiOsPR10 (jasmonic acid-responsive defense gene), and OsEBP89 (ethylene-responsive gene), were examined with quantitative real-time RT-PCR in KDML105 and JHN inoculated with E. rostratum at 24, 48, and 72 hours. The findings demonstrated that all of the tested genes were upregulated, with the highest levels observed mostly at 24-48 hours after inoculation in both rice varieties, indicating the involvement of these rice genes in response to E. rostratum infection. Indeed, the mechanism of rice resistance to E. rostratum may not be regulated through the jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling pathways. In summary, this study provides information on the potential rice leaf spot resistant variety and fundamental insights contributing to an enhanced comprehension of rice defense mechanisms against E. rostatum.
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