Distribution Survey, Plant Growth and Seed Germination of Sumatran Fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker)

Authors

  • Jarunya Pinsupa Plant Protection Research and Development Office, Phahonyothin Rd., Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
  • Mallika Srichanklad Field and Renewable Energy Crops Research Institute, Phahonyothin Rd., Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
  • Choosak Kunuthai Field and Renewable Energy Crops Research Institute, Phahonyothin Rd., Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
  • Pairoh Khwanngam Kanchanaburi Agricultural Research and Development Center, Nong Ya, Mueang, Kanchanaburi 71000, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14456/thaidoa-agres.2025.16

Keywords:

alien plant, weed, vegetative growth, seed production, biology

Abstract

Conyza sumatrensis is an invasive weed species found in Thailand and has been increasing in agricultural areas. Effective Integrated weed management requires an understanding of weed biology. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the distribution of C. sumatrensis in agricultural areas across the country. Surveys were conducted in field crops, vegetable crops, industrial crops, and fruit orchards in all regions of Thailand during 2022–2023. Plant growth and seed germination were studied during 2023–2024. The result showed that the spread of C. sumatrensis was found in all agricultural areas, both open spaces and shaded areas. Approximately two weeks after germination (WAG), the seedlings developed true leaves, which were simple. Vegetative growth rate was low from 3–8 WAG, followed by rapid growth during 9–10 WAG. Flowering and seed maturation began at 13 and 15 WAG, respectively. Maximum seed production was observed around 18 WAG. By 29 WAG, plant growth had declined, and no additional flowering or seed set occurred. The seed germination study showed that mature seeds sown on the soil surface had an average germination rate of 44%, whereas seeds sown at depths of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 cm did not emerge above the soil surface. Therefore, to prevent the spread of C. sumatrensis, deep soil tillage to a depth of more than 5 cm to completely cover the seeds on the soil surface and removal of C. sumatrensis before flowering are recommended, as a single C. sumatrensis can produce more than 20,000 seeds.

 

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Published

2025-08-26

How to Cite

Pinsupa, J. ., Srichanklad, M. ., Kunuthai, C. ., & Khwanngam, P. . (2025). Distribution Survey, Plant Growth and Seed Germination of Sumatran Fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker) . Thai Agricultural Research Journal, 43(2), 191–200. https://doi.org/10.14456/thaidoa-agres.2025.16

Issue

Vol. 43 No. 2 (2025): May – August

Section

Technical or research paper

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