Factors Influence on the Infestation of Fruit Fly (Bactrocera ssp.)

Abstract

The important factors that influenced fruit fly infestation are physical factors (i.e., temperature, relative humidity, light, elevation), biotic factors (I.e., host plant, fruit fly species and natural enemies; predator, parasitoid and micro-organism) and chemical factor (i.e., plant chemicals). The suitable temperature and relative humidity on development and fecundity of fruit fly were 25-30 °c and 70-80%, respectively. In addition, the number of fruit fly was increased and highly distribution when the moisture was sufficient. The photoperiod and light intensity impact on reproduction, oviposition period and the number of eggs of fruit fly. And also the elevation of area causes fruit fly infestation, the highest was found at 27-43 m. However, at the elevation more over 1}010 m., the infestation was the lowest. The biotic factors influenced infestation of fruit fly as host plant species and fruit fly species were related to infestation efficiency of fruit fly. While the natural enemies reduced the fruit fly population. Moreover, the plant chemicals in fatty acid, phenyl propanoids and isoprenoids group attracted the fruit fly infests plant. This information will be useful for predicting the fruit fly population dynamics and geographical distribution, which would help develop the fly management strategies.