Seasonal Physico-Chemical Impacts on Community Structure of Microphytobenthos in a Mudflat Inside vs Outside a Breakwater System in the Inner Gulf of Thailand
Keywords:
microbial community, seasonal variation, breakwater system, mudflat, diatomAbstract
Communities of microphytobenthos in an eroded mudflat located in the Inner Gulf of Thailand were studied. This mudflat has been exposed to long-term coastal erosion for more than 30 years. A 250 m concrete breakwater system was built in 2006 to mitigate this problem. In 2015, the community structure of microphytobenthos as well as physico-chemical parameters were compared between inside or behind a breakwater (protected) and outside (unprotected) sites of this mudflat during the inter-monsoon (March) and northeast monsoon (December) periods. There were significant seasonal differences in temperature, salinity and pH in both seawater and interstitial water; values in March were lower than in December while dissolved inorganic nutrients in the water column showed the highest values in March. The sediment type was clay and clay loam at both sites of the mudflat with a higher percentage of organic matter in December than in March. However, these sediment-related parameters did not exhibit spatial differences due to the presence of the breakwater. Sediment chlorophyll a varied in the range of 30-80 mg/m2 with higher values in the unprotected mudflat in March. The temporal variations in the abundance of microphytobenthos and their predatory meiofauna were observed to be more abundant in December. Several spatial variations were observed in communities of microphytobenthos. For instance, cyanobacterial abundance in the unprotected mudflat was significantly higher than that of the protected one. The diatom Thalassiosira sp. was the dominant microphytobenthos in the protected mudflat while Skeletonema sp. and a cyanobacterium, Oscillatoria sp., was more abundant in the unprotected mudflat particularly in December. Meiofauna communities were dominated by nematodes (> 50% of total density). In March, microphytobenthos density was related to that of meiofauna abundance while abiotic factors played an important role in relation to microphytobenthos density in December. In conclusion, the environment as well as community of microphytobenthos showed strongly seasonal variations while the presence of the breakwater system played a role in modifying both physico-chemical as well as biological characteristics of this mudflat ecosystem.
References
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Blanchard, G.F., Guarini, J.M., Provol, L., Richard. P. and Sauriau, P.G. 2000. Measurement of ingestion rate of Hydrobia ulvae (Pennant) on intertidal epipelic microalgae: the effect of mud snail density. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 255: 247-260.
Buffan-Dubau E. and Carman K.R. 2000. Diel feeding behavior of meiofauna and their relationships with microalgal resources. Limnology Oceanography 45: 381-395.
Buranapratheprat, A. Yanagi, T. Sojisuporn, P. and Booncherm, C. 2006. Influence of local wind field on seasonal circulations in the upper Gulf of Thailand. Coastal Marine Science, 30(1): 19-26.
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Kathiresan, K. 2014. Interconnectivity of coastal ecosystem: An overview. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 43(6): 985-994.
Lee, S.Y. 1999. Tropical mangrove ecology: Physical and biotic factors influencing ecosystem structure and function. Australian journal of ecology, 24: 355-366.
Martini, I. P. and Wanless, H. R. (Eds). 2014. Sedimentary Coastal Zones from High to Low Latitudes: Similarities and Differences. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 388p.
Montagna, P.A. 1984. In situ measurement of meiobenthic grazing rates on sediment bacteria and edaphic diatoms. Marine Ecological Progress Series, 18: 119-130.
Montagna, P.A., Blanchard, G.F. and Dinet, A. 1995. Effect of production and biomass of intertidal microphytobenthos on meiofaunal grazing rates. Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology, 185: 149-165.
Montani, S., Tsutsumi, H. and Komorita, T. 2012. Measurement of benthic microalgal chlorophyll a and pheo-pigments by fluorometric analysis. Workshop of the first Asian marine biology symposium at Phuket, Thailand on December 16-17, 2012.
Morrisey, D.J. 1988. Differences in effects of grazing by deposit-feeders Hydrobia ulvae (Pennant) (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) and Corophium arenarium Crawford (Amphipoda) on sediment microalgal populations. I. Qualitative effects. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 118: 33-42.
Page, H.M. 1997. Importance of vascular plant and algal production to macro-invertebrate consumers in a southern California salt marsh. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Science, 45: 823-834.
Paphavasit, N., Piumsomboon, A., To-orn, N., Promkeaw, S., Suwansanit, T., Nutcharoen, D., Jaiperm, J., Mahasawat, N., Yoknoi, N., Hemnukul, P., Mookui, P., Thongdet, E., Aomnuch, E., Meesilp, S., Sojisuporn, P., Siriboon, S., Bangkeaw, B. and Milintangul, C. 2011. Monitoring and assessment on coastal rehabilitation due to bamboo fencing-case studies: Samut Songkram, Samut Sakhon, Samut Prakan and Chachoensao Province, Prasukchai Printing Limited Part, Bangkok, 394 pp.
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Percuoco, V.P., Kalnejais, L.H. and Officer, L.V. 2015. Nutrient release from the sediments of the Great Bay Estuary, NH USA. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 161: 76-87.
Pinckney, J.L., Carman, K.R., Lumsden, S.E. and Hymel, S.N. 2003. Microalgal-meiofaunal trophic relationships in muddy intertidal estuarine sediments. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 31: 99-108.
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Qureshi, N.A., Naz, F. and Saher, N.U. 2016. Variation in distribution and abundance of meiobenthos communities in mangrove creek areas along the coast of Karachi, Pakistan. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine science, 45(4): 546-555.
Reise, K. 2001. Ecological comparisons of sedimentary shores. Springer Science and Business Media. 387 p.
Riera, P., Richard. P., Gremare, A. and Blanchard, G. 1996. Food source of intertidal nematodes in the Bay of Marennes Oleron (France), as determined by dual stable isotope analysis. Marine Ecology Progress Series,142: 303-309.
Robertson, A., Alongi, D. and Boto, K. 1992. Food chains and carbon fluxes. Tropical mangrove ecosystems, 293-326.
Ross, S.M. 2017. Introductory statistics. Academic Press, Amsterdam, 796 pp.
Sin, Y., Ryu, S.O. and Song, E. 2009. Characteristics of benthic chlorophyll a and sediment properties in the tidal flats of Kwangyang Bay, Korea. Algae, 4(3), 149-161.
Siriboon, S., Prachuabmoh, V., Bangkaew, B., Milintangul, C., Paphavasit, N., Piumsomboon, A., Sivaipram, I. and To-orn, N. 2014. Community capacity building in monitoring and outcome evaluation on the success of coastal erosion mitigation in Ban Khunsamut Chin Samut Prakarn Province. The Thailand Research Fund, Bangkok, 288 pp.
Sobiechowska-Sasim, M. Ston-Eqiert, J., Kosakowska., A. 2014. Quantitative analysis of spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods. Journal of Applied Phycology, 26: 2065-2074.
Sojisuporn, P., Jarupongsakul, T. and Thana, B. 2012. The evaluation on the effectiveness of solving the coastal erosion by hard structure and analysis of coastal and seabed change at the pilot site: Ban Khunsamut Chin in the Upper Gulf of Thailand. The Thailand Research Fund, Bangkok, 337 pp.
Stal, L.J. and De Brouwer, J.F.C.2003. Biofilm formation by benthic diatoms and their influence on the stabilization of intertidal mudflats. Berichte-Forschungszentrum Terramare, 12: 109-111.
Tolhurst, T.J. Consalvey, M. and Paterson, D.M. 2008. Changes in cohesive sediment properties associated with the growth of a diatom biofilm. Hydrobia,596(1): 225-239.
Uehara, K. Sojisuporn, P., Saito, Y. and Jarupongsakul, T. 2010. Erosion and accretion processes in a muddy dissipative coast, the Chao Phraya River delta, Thailand. Earth Surface Processess and Landforms, 35: 1701-1711.
Vaidya, A.M., Kori, S.K. and Kudale, M.D. 2015. Shoreline response to coastal structures. Aquatic Procedia, 4: 333-340.
van de Graaff, J., Steetzel, H., Bliek, B. and de Vroeg, H. 1998. Shore parallel breakwaters & beach nourishment. Coastal Engineering, 1706-1719.
Walkley, A. and Black, I.A. 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil science, 37(1): 29-38.
Watermann, F., Hillebrand, H., Gerdes, G., Krumbein, W.E. and Sommer, U. 1999. Competition between benthic cyanobacteria and diatoms as influenced by different grain sizes and temperatures. Marine Ecoloby Progress Series, 187: 77-87.
Wengrove, M.E., Foster, D.L., Kalnejais, L.H., Percuoco, V.P. and Lippmann. T.C. 2015. Field and laboratory observations of bed stress and associated nutrients release in a tidal estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 161: 11-24.
Wohlgemuth, D., Solan, M. and Godbold, J.A. 2017. Species contributions to ecosystem process and function can be population dependent and modified by biotic and abiotic setting. Proceeding of the Royal Society B, 284(1855): 1-9.
Wooldridge, L.J., Worden, R.H., Griffiths, J., Thompson, A. and Chung, P. 2017. Biofilm origins of clay-coated sand grains. The Geological of America, 45(10): 875-878.
Xuan, Q.N., Vanreusel, A., Thanh, N.V. and Smol, N. 2007. Biodiversity of meiofauna in the intertidal Khe Nhan mudflat, Can Gio mangrove forest, Vietnam with special emphasis on free living nematodes. Ocean Science Journal, 42(3): 135-152.
Yin, K. and Harrison, P.J. 2000. Influences of flood and ebb tides on nutrient fluxes and chlorophyll on an intertidal flat. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 196: 75-85.
Yu, Z., Zhong, X., Yu, C., Wang, C., Duan, P., Wen, L. and You, Y. 2017. Characteristics of nutrient release from sediments under different flow conditions. Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability, 29(1): 70-77.
Aller, J.Y. and Aller R.C. 1986. General characteristics of benthic faunas on the Amazon inner continental shelf with comparison to the shelf off the Changjian river, East China Sea. Continental Shelf Research, 6: 291-310.
Alongi D.M. 1989. Ecology of tropical soft-bottom benthos: a review with emphasis on emerging concepts. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 37(1): 85-100.
Ansari, A., Rivonkar, C.U., and Sanggodkar, U.M.X. 2001. Population fluctuation and vertical distribution of meiofauna in a tropical mudflat at Mandovi estuary, west coast of India. Indian Journal of Marine Science, 30(4): 237-245.
Arar, E.J. and Collins, G.B. 1992. In vitro determination of chlorophyll a and pheophytin a in marine and freshwater phytoplankton by fluorescence. In: USEPA methods for the determination of chemical substances in marine and estuarine environment samples, EPA/600/R-92/121, Cincinnati, OH.
Barbier, E. and Sathirathai, S. (Eds). 2004. Shrimp farming and mangrove loss in Thailand. Glos: Edward Elgar publishing limited, Bangkok, 268 pp.
Blanchard, G.F. 1991. Measurement of meiofauna grazing rates on microphytobenthos: is primary production a limiting factor? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 147(1): 37-46.
Blanchard, G.F., Guarini, J.M., Provol, L., Richard. P. and Sauriau, P.G. 2000. Measurement of ingestion rate of Hydrobia ulvae (Pennant) on intertidal epipelic microalgae: the effect of mud snail density. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 255: 247-260.
Buffan-Dubau E. and Carman K.R. 2000. Diel feeding behavior of meiofauna and their relationships with microalgal resources. Limnology Oceanography 45: 381-395.
Buranapratheprat, A. Yanagi, T. Sojisuporn, P. and Booncherm, C. 2006. Influence of local wind field on seasonal circulations in the upper Gulf of Thailand. Coastal Marine Science, 30(1): 19-26.
Clarke, K.R. and Warwick, R.M. 2001. Change in marine communities. An approach to statistical analysis and interpretation.
Cook, P.L.M. 2002.Carbon and nitrogen cycling on intertidal mudflats in a temperate Australian estuary (Doctoral dissertation, University of Tasmania).
Cook, P.L.M., Revill, A.T., Clementson, L.A. and Volkman, J.K. 2004. Carbon and nitrogen cycling on intertidal mudflats of a temperate Australian estuary. III. Sources of organic matter. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 280: 55-72.
Coolidge, F.L. 2013. Statistics: a gentle introduction. SAGE, California, 458 pp.
Coull, B.C. 1999. Role of meiofauna in estuarine soft bottom habitats. Austral Ecology, 24(4): 327-343.
Dittmar, T., Hertkorn, N., Kattner, G. and Lara, R.J. 2006. Mangroves, a major source of dissolved organic carbon to the oceans. Global biogeochemical cycles, 20: 1-7.
Dittmar, T. and Lara, R.J. 2001. Do mangroves rather than rivers provide nutrients to coastal environments south of the Amazon River? Evidence from long-term flux measurements. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 213: 67-77.
Gee, G.W. and Bauder, J.W. 1986. Particle-size analysis. In: Klute, A. (Ed). Methods of soil analysis: Physical and mineralogical methods, Soil Science Society of America, 383-411.
Gee, J. 1987. Impact of epibenthic predation on estuarine intertidal harpacticoid copepod populations. Marine Biology, 96(4): 497-510.
Giere, O. 1993. The Distribution of Meiofauna. In: Meiobenthology, Springer, Berlin, 185-196.
Grossman, A.R., Schaefer, M.R., Chiang, G.G., Collier, J.L. 1993. Environmental effects on the light-harvesting complex of cyanobacteria. Journal of Bacteriology, 175: 575-582.
Hagerthey, S.E., Defew, E.C. and Paterson, D.M. 2002. Influence of Corophium volutator and Hydrobia ulvae on intertidal benthic diatom assemblages under different nutrient and temperature regimes. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 245: 47-59.
Herman, P.M.J., Middleburg, J.J, Widdows, J., Lucas, C.H. and Heip. C.H.R. 2000. Stable isotopes as trophic tracers: combining field sampling and manipulative labelling of food resources for macrobenthos. Marine Ecological Progress Series, 204: 79-92.
Jampanil, D. and Seigo, N. 2017. Seasonal precipitation bias correction of GCM outputs for Thailand: Rayong Province region. International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review, 8(2): 20183-20201.
Jarupongsakul, T., Sojisuporn, P., Prapawasit, N., Supsomboon, H., Siriboon, S., Worapunyaanun, S., Boonyopad, A., Thana, B., Auypornprasurd, S., Kampananon, N., Auypornprasurd, W., Piumsomboon, A., Siwaipram, I., Eakkawadpanid, C. and Wedchakul, W. (2009). The Area Integration studies for Resolutions of Coastal Erosion Problems of Samutprakarn Province: Pilot project of Shore Protection Measure at Ban Khunsamut Chin, Leam Fapa Sub-district, Phrasamut Chedi District. The Thailand Research Fund, Bangkok, 850 pp.
Kathiresan, K. 2014. Interconnectivity of coastal ecosystem: An overview. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 43(6): 985-994.
Lee, S.Y. 1999. Tropical mangrove ecology: Physical and biotic factors influencing ecosystem structure and function. Australian journal of ecology, 24: 355-366.
Martini, I. P. and Wanless, H. R. (Eds). 2014. Sedimentary Coastal Zones from High to Low Latitudes: Similarities and Differences. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 388p.
Montagna, P.A. 1984. In situ measurement of meiobenthic grazing rates on sediment bacteria and edaphic diatoms. Marine Ecological Progress Series, 18: 119-130.
Montagna, P.A., Blanchard, G.F. and Dinet, A. 1995. Effect of production and biomass of intertidal microphytobenthos on meiofaunal grazing rates. Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology, 185: 149-165.
Montani, S., Tsutsumi, H. and Komorita, T. 2012. Measurement of benthic microalgal chlorophyll a and pheo-pigments by fluorometric analysis. Workshop of the first Asian marine biology symposium at Phuket, Thailand on December 16-17, 2012.
Morrisey, D.J. 1988. Differences in effects of grazing by deposit-feeders Hydrobia ulvae (Pennant) (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) and Corophium arenarium Crawford (Amphipoda) on sediment microalgal populations. I. Qualitative effects. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 118: 33-42.
Page, H.M. 1997. Importance of vascular plant and algal production to macro-invertebrate consumers in a southern California salt marsh. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Science, 45: 823-834.
Paphavasit, N., Piumsomboon, A., To-orn, N., Promkeaw, S., Suwansanit, T., Nutcharoen, D., Jaiperm, J., Mahasawat, N., Yoknoi, N., Hemnukul, P., Mookui, P., Thongdet, E., Aomnuch, E., Meesilp, S., Sojisuporn, P., Siriboon, S., Bangkeaw, B. and Milintangul, C. 2011. Monitoring and assessment on coastal rehabilitation due to bamboo fencing-case studies: Samut Songkram, Samut Sakhon, Samut Prakan and Chachoensao Province, Prasukchai Printing Limited Part, Bangkok, 394 pp.
Parsons, T.R., Maita, Y. and Lalli, C.M. 1984. A manual of biological and chemical methods for seawater analysis. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 173 pp.
PCD (Pollution Control Department). 2015. A survey of coastal water quality 2015. Retrieved January 30, 2018, from https://www.pcd.go.th/info_serv/ water.html
Percuoco, V.P., Kalnejais, L.H. and Officer, L.V. 2015. Nutrient release from the sediments of the Great Bay Estuary, NH USA. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 161: 76-87.
Pinckney, J.L., Carman, K.R., Lumsden, S.E. and Hymel, S.N. 2003. Microalgal-meiofaunal trophic relationships in muddy intertidal estuarine sediments. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 31: 99-108.
Prasad, M.B.K., Dittmar, T.and Ramanathan, A. 2010. Organic matter and mangrove productivity. In Management and sustainable development of coastal zone environments (pp. 175-193): Springer.
Qureshi, N.A., Naz, F. and Saher, N.U. 2016. Variation in distribution and abundance of meiobenthos communities in mangrove creek areas along the coast of Karachi, Pakistan. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine science, 45(4): 546-555.
Reise, K. 2001. Ecological comparisons of sedimentary shores. Springer Science and Business Media. 387 p.
Riera, P., Richard. P., Gremare, A. and Blanchard, G. 1996. Food source of intertidal nematodes in the Bay of Marennes Oleron (France), as determined by dual stable isotope analysis. Marine Ecology Progress Series,142: 303-309.
Robertson, A., Alongi, D. and Boto, K. 1992. Food chains and carbon fluxes. Tropical mangrove ecosystems, 293-326.
Ross, S.M. 2017. Introductory statistics. Academic Press, Amsterdam, 796 pp.
Sin, Y., Ryu, S.O. and Song, E. 2009. Characteristics of benthic chlorophyll a and sediment properties in the tidal flats of Kwangyang Bay, Korea. Algae, 4(3), 149-161.
Siriboon, S., Prachuabmoh, V., Bangkaew, B., Milintangul, C., Paphavasit, N., Piumsomboon, A., Sivaipram, I. and To-orn, N. 2014. Community capacity building in monitoring and outcome evaluation on the success of coastal erosion mitigation in Ban Khunsamut Chin Samut Prakarn Province. The Thailand Research Fund, Bangkok, 288 pp.
Sobiechowska-Sasim, M. Ston-Eqiert, J., Kosakowska., A. 2014. Quantitative analysis of spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods. Journal of Applied Phycology, 26: 2065-2074.
Sojisuporn, P., Jarupongsakul, T. and Thana, B. 2012. The evaluation on the effectiveness of solving the coastal erosion by hard structure and analysis of coastal and seabed change at the pilot site: Ban Khunsamut Chin in the Upper Gulf of Thailand. The Thailand Research Fund, Bangkok, 337 pp.
Stal, L.J. and De Brouwer, J.F.C.2003. Biofilm formation by benthic diatoms and their influence on the stabilization of intertidal mudflats. Berichte-Forschungszentrum Terramare, 12: 109-111.
Tolhurst, T.J. Consalvey, M. and Paterson, D.M. 2008. Changes in cohesive sediment properties associated with the growth of a diatom biofilm. Hydrobia,596(1): 225-239.
Uehara, K. Sojisuporn, P., Saito, Y. and Jarupongsakul, T. 2010. Erosion and accretion processes in a muddy dissipative coast, the Chao Phraya River delta, Thailand. Earth Surface Processess and Landforms, 35: 1701-1711.
Vaidya, A.M., Kori, S.K. and Kudale, M.D. 2015. Shoreline response to coastal structures. Aquatic Procedia, 4: 333-340.
van de Graaff, J., Steetzel, H., Bliek, B. and de Vroeg, H. 1998. Shore parallel breakwaters & beach nourishment. Coastal Engineering, 1706-1719.
Walkley, A. and Black, I.A. 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil science, 37(1): 29-38.
Watermann, F., Hillebrand, H., Gerdes, G., Krumbein, W.E. and Sommer, U. 1999. Competition between benthic cyanobacteria and diatoms as influenced by different grain sizes and temperatures. Marine Ecoloby Progress Series, 187: 77-87.
Wengrove, M.E., Foster, D.L., Kalnejais, L.H., Percuoco, V.P. and Lippmann. T.C. 2015. Field and laboratory observations of bed stress and associated nutrients release in a tidal estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 161: 11-24.
Wohlgemuth, D., Solan, M. and Godbold, J.A. 2017. Species contributions to ecosystem process and function can be population dependent and modified by biotic and abiotic setting. Proceeding of the Royal Society B, 284(1855): 1-9.
Wooldridge, L.J., Worden, R.H., Griffiths, J., Thompson, A. and Chung, P. 2017. Biofilm origins of clay-coated sand grains. The Geological of America, 45(10): 875-878.
Xuan, Q.N., Vanreusel, A., Thanh, N.V. and Smol, N. 2007. Biodiversity of meiofauna in the intertidal Khe Nhan mudflat, Can Gio mangrove forest, Vietnam with special emphasis on free living nematodes. Ocean Science Journal, 42(3): 135-152.
Yin, K. and Harrison, P.J. 2000. Influences of flood and ebb tides on nutrient fluxes and chlorophyll on an intertidal flat. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 196: 75-85.
Yu, Z., Zhong, X., Yu, C., Wang, C., Duan, P., Wen, L. and You, Y. 2017. Characteristics of nutrient release from sediments under different flow conditions. Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability, 29(1): 70-77.
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2019-08-31
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Chindanonda, C., Saramul, S., Bhattarakosol, P. and Piumsomboon, A. 2019. Seasonal Physico-Chemical Impacts on Community Structure of Microphytobenthos in a Mudflat Inside vs Outside a Breakwater System in the Inner Gulf of Thailand. Tropical Natural History. 19, 2 (Aug. 2019), 51–69.
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Chulalongkorn University. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher
