Spinosaurid theropod teeth from the Red Beds of the Khok Kruat Formation (Early Cretaceous) in Northeastern Thailand
Keywords:
Spinosauridae, Early Cretaceous, Northeastern Thailand, Khorat Group, AsiaAbstract
Teeth from the Aptian – Albian Khok Kruat Formation of the Khorat Group in Northeastern Thailand, are described as belonging to spinosaurine dinosaurs. They consist of two morphotypes, i.e., the Khok Kruat morphotype and Siamosaurus morphotype. The Khok Kruat morphotype shows fine ridges and a smooth enamel surface of the crown while the Siamosaurus morphotype shows coarse ridges and a wrinkled enamel surface. Comparisons of the Thai material with the teeth of Asian and other spinosaurids indicate that the Khok Kruat morphotype is similar to other Asian spinosaurid teeth and more closely to those of Siamosaurus suteethorni or Siamosaurus morphotype from the older Sao Khua Formation of Northeastern Thailand. The differences in their morphology indicate a greater diversity of spinosaurids in Thailand and Asia.
References
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Buffetaut, E. 2013. An early spinosaurid dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru (Tanzania) and the evolution of the spinosaurid dentition. Oryctos, 10: 1-8.
Buffetaut, E. and Ingavat, R. 1986. Unusul theropod dinosaur teeth from the Upper Jurasic of Phu Wiang Northeastern Thailand. Revue de Paleobiologie, 5: 217-220.
Buffetaut, E. and Suteethorn, V. 1992. A new species of the ornithischian dinosaur Psittacosaurus from the Early Cretaceous of Thailand. Palaeontology, 35 (4): 801-812.
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Hasegawa, Y., Buffetaut, E., Manabe, M. and Takakuwa, Y. 2003. A possible spinosaurid tooth from the Sebayashi Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Gunma, Japan. Bulletin of Gunma Museum of Natural History, 7: 1-5.
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Khamha, S. 2017. Vertebrate microremains from the Early Cretaceous Sao Khua formation, Khorat Group in Phu Phan Thong Fossil Locality and their biostratigraphy. Ph.D. Thesis. Mahasarakham University. Mahasarakham, 155 pp.
Mateus, O., Araújo, R., Natário, C. and Castanhinha, R. 2011. A new specimen of the theropod dinosaur Baryonyx from the early Cretaceous of Portugal and taxonomic validity of Suchosaurus. Zootaxa, 2827: 54- 68.
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Racey, A. 2009. Mesozoic red bed sequences from SE Asia and the significance of the Khorat Group of NE Thailand. Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia. In: Buffetaut, E., Cuny, G., Le Loeff, J. and Suteethorn, V. Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia.Geological Society of London Special Publication, 315: 41-68.
Richter, U., Mudroch, A. and Buckley, L. G. 2013. Isolated theropod teeth from the Kem Kem Beds (Early Cenomanian) near Taouz, Morocco. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 87: 291-309.
Sattayarak, N., Srigulwong, S. and Patarametha, M. 1991. Subsurface stratigraphy of the non – marine Mesozoic Khorat Group, NE Thailand. In: The seventh regional conference on Geology, Mineral and Energy Resource of Southeast Asia (GEOSEA VII), Bangkok, Thailand. 36 pp.
Smith, J. B., Vann, D. R. and Dodson, P. 2005. Dental morphology and variation in theropod dinosaurs: Implications for the taxonomic identification of isolated teeth. The anatomical record A, 285A: 699-736.
Suteethorn, V., Buffetaut, E., Wangko, K., Suteethorn, S. and Tong, H. 2018. Morphological diversity of spinosaurid teeth from the Pra Prong locality (Lower Cretaceous of eastern Thailand). In: Crasquin, S. (eds.) Proceeding of 5th International Paleontological Congress 9th-13rd July 2018, Paris, France, 666 pp.
Tumpeesuwan, S. 2010. Palaeontology of the Early Cretaceous non-marine molluscan assemblages from the Sao Khua Formation in Nong Bua Lamphu, Phu Wiang and Sahat Sakhan Areas, northeastern Thailand. PhD Thesis, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 214 pp.
Ward, D. E. and Bunnag, D. 1964. Stratigraphy of the Mesozoic Khorat Group in Northeast Thailand. Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok, Report of investigation, 6. 95 pp.
Alonso, A. and Canudo, J. I. 2016. On the Spinosaurid Theropod Teeth from the Early Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Blesa Formation (Spain). Historical Biology, 28 (6): 823-834.
Buffetaut, E. 2013. An early spinosaurid dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru (Tanzania) and the evolution of the spinosaurid dentition. Oryctos, 10: 1-8.
Buffetaut, E. and Ingavat, R. 1986. Unusul theropod dinosaur teeth from the Upper Jurasic of Phu Wiang Northeastern Thailand. Revue de Paleobiologie, 5: 217-220.
Buffetaut, E. and Suteethorn, V. 1992. A new species of the ornithischian dinosaur Psittacosaurus from the Early Cretaceous of Thailand. Palaeontology, 35 (4): 801-812.
Buffetaut, E., Suteethorn, V., Cuny, G., Khansubha, S., Tong, H., Le Loeuff, J. and Cavin, L. 2003. Dinosaur in Thailand. In: Wiriyawaechakul, A., Fontaine, H. and Buffetaut, E. (eds.) Mahasarakham University Journal, 22 Special Issue, 2003 Proceeding of 1st International Conference on Palaeontology of Southeast Asia, 27-30 october 2003, Mahasarakham, Thailand, Apichat Printing, pp. 69-82.
Buffetaut, E., Suteethorn, V., Le Loeuff, J., Khansubha, S., Tong, H. and Wongko, K. 2005.
The dinosaur fauna from the Khok Kruat Formation (Early Cretaceous) of Thailand. In: Wannakao, L. (eds.) Proceedings of the International Conference on Geology, Geotechnology and Mineral Resources of Indochina, Khon Kaen University, 28 - 30 November 2005, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Department of Geotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University Press, pp. 575- 581.
Charig, A. J. and Milner, A. C.1997. Baryonyx walkeri, a fish-eating dinosaur from the Wealden of Surrey. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London. 53: 11-70.
Einsele, G. 1992. Sedimentary Basins. Evolution, Facies, and Sediment Budget, Springer Verlag, Berlin. 628 pp.
Hasegawa, Y., Buffetaut, E., Manabe, M. and Takakuwa, Y. 2003. A possible spinosaurid tooth from the Sebayashi Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Gunma, Japan. Bulletin of Gunma Museum of Natural History, 7: 1-5.
Hasegawa, Y., Tanaka, G., Takakuwa, Y. and Koike, S. 2010. Fine sculptures on a tooth of Spinosaurus (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from Morocco. Bulletin of Gunma Museum of Natural History, 7: 11-20.
Hendrickx, C., Mateus, O. and Buffetaut, E. 2016. Morphofunctional analysis of the quadrate of Spinosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) and the presence of Spinosaurus and a second spinosaurine taxon in the Cenomanian of North Africa. PloS ONE, 11(1): e0144695. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0144695
Hite, R. J. 1974. Evaporite deposites of the Khorat Plateau, Northeastern Thailand and Central Laos, the 4th Symposium on Salt, North Ohio Geological Society, Cleaveland, pp. 135-146.
Hite, R. J. and Japakasetr, T. 1979. Potash deposites of the Khorat Plateau, Thailand and Laos, Economic Geology, 74: 448-458.
Khamha, S. 2017. Vertebrate microremains from the Early Cretaceous Sao Khua formation, Khorat Group in Phu Phan Thong Fossil Locality and their biostratigraphy. Ph.D. Thesis. Mahasarakham University. Mahasarakham, 155 pp.
Mateus, O., Araújo, R., Natário, C. and Castanhinha, R. 2011. A new specimen of the theropod dinosaur Baryonyx from the early Cretaceous of Portugal and taxonomic validity of Suchosaurus. Zootaxa, 2827: 54- 68.
Naksri, W. 2007. Teeth comparative morphology of Siamosaurus suteethorni and crocodilians from the Early Cretaceous Sao Khua Formation, Northeastern Thailand [senior project]: Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 34 pp.
Racey, A. 2009. Mesozoic red bed sequences from SE Asia and the significance of the Khorat Group of NE Thailand. Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia. In: Buffetaut, E., Cuny, G., Le Loeff, J. and Suteethorn, V. Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia.Geological Society of London Special Publication, 315: 41-68.
Richter, U., Mudroch, A. and Buckley, L. G. 2013. Isolated theropod teeth from the Kem Kem Beds (Early Cenomanian) near Taouz, Morocco. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 87: 291-309.
Sattayarak, N., Srigulwong, S. and Patarametha, M. 1991. Subsurface stratigraphy of the non – marine Mesozoic Khorat Group, NE Thailand. In: The seventh regional conference on Geology, Mineral and Energy Resource of Southeast Asia (GEOSEA VII), Bangkok, Thailand. 36 pp.
Smith, J. B., Vann, D. R. and Dodson, P. 2005. Dental morphology and variation in theropod dinosaurs: Implications for the taxonomic identification of isolated teeth. The anatomical record A, 285A: 699-736.
Suteethorn, V., Buffetaut, E., Wangko, K., Suteethorn, S. and Tong, H. 2018. Morphological diversity of spinosaurid teeth from the Pra Prong locality (Lower Cretaceous of eastern Thailand). In: Crasquin, S. (eds.) Proceeding of 5th International Paleontological Congress 9th-13rd July 2018, Paris, France, 666 pp.
Tumpeesuwan, S. 2010. Palaeontology of the Early Cretaceous non-marine molluscan assemblages from the Sao Khua Formation in Nong Bua Lamphu, Phu Wiang and Sahat Sakhan Areas, northeastern Thailand. PhD Thesis, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 214 pp.
Ward, D. E. and Bunnag, D. 1964. Stratigraphy of the Mesozoic Khorat Group in Northeast Thailand. Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok, Report of investigation, 6. 95 pp.
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2019-03-31
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WONGKO, K., BUFFETAUT, E., KHAMHA, S. and LAUPRASERT, K. 2019. Spinosaurid theropod teeth from the Red Beds of the Khok Kruat Formation (Early Cretaceous) in Northeastern Thailand. Tropical Natural History. 19, 1 (Mar. 2019), 8–20.
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