Effects of Habitat Types on Butterfly Communities (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) in Chulabhorn Dam, Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand
Keywords:
butterfly, land-use, community, habitat type, environmental factorsAbstract
Deforestation and conversion from forests to other land uses, such as agricultural plantations, recreation parks or urban areas, have a great impact on butterfly diversity. In this study, we compared butterfly communities across five habitat types, i.e., open area, park, dry evergreen forest, forest edge and mixed forest in Chulabhorn Dam, Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand to examine the effects of land-use change on butterfly diversity and to determine which environmental factors were associated with butterfly diversity and distribution. Rarefaction analyses showed that open area had the highest species richness, followed by forest edge, park, dry evergreen forest and mixed forest. The ranked abundance distribution curves in each habitat could be fitted to the Zipf-Mandelbrot species distribution models. The parameter beta of the model suggests that there was different niche diversification among the habitat types studied. The dissimilarity of butterfly species compositions between each habitat type was compared by using the Jaccard distance. The dissimilarity was highest between mixed forest and the other habitat types. The constrained correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that five environmental factors, i.e., degree of human disturbance, percentages of ground cover, percentages of canopy cover, number of vegetation layers and litter depth were associated with butterfly species distribution. From this analysis, two environmental factor gradients were observed in the ordination diagram biplot: the canopy cover-ground cover gradient and the human disturbance-litter depth gradient. The results emphasize the importance of maintaining environmental heterogeneity and habitat diversity in the conservation of butterfly diversity.
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Bonebrake, T.C., Ponisio, L.C., Boggs, C.L., and Ehrlich, P.R. 2010. More than just indicators: A review of tropical butterfly ecology and conservation. Biological Conservation, 143: 1831–1841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010. 04.044
Chaianunporn, T., and Khoosakunrat, S. 2018. Relationship between lemon emigrant butterfly Catopsilia pomona (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) population dynamics and weather conditions in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. Tropical Natural History, 18: 97–111.
Checa, M.F., Rodriguez, J., Willmott, K.R., and Liger, B. 2014. Microclimate variability significantly affects the composition, abundance and phenology of butterfly communities in a highly threatened neotropical dry forest. Florida Entomologist, 97: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.097.0101
Chondamrongkun, S., and Chamnankid, C. 1998. Using butterflies as indicator of biodiversity of Namnao national park. Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology, 5: 147–161.
Dover, J., and Settele, J. 2009. The influences of landscape structure on butterfly distribution and movement: a review. Journal of Insect Conservation, 13: 3–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10841 -008-9135-8
Ek-Amnuay, P. 2012. Butterflies of Thailand, 2nd ed. Baan Lae Suan, Bangkok.
Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand 2006. Chulabhorn Dam [Brochure]. Public Relation Division, Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand, Nonthaburi.
Fischer, K., Klockmann, M., and Reim, E. 2014. Strong negative effects of simulated heat waves in a tropical butterfly. Journal of Experimental Biology, 217: 2892–2898. https://doi.org/10.1242/ jeb.106245
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2016. The Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015: How are the world’s forests changing?, Second Edition. ed. FAO.
Forister, M.L., McCall, A.C., Sanders, N.J., Fordyce, J.A., Thorne, J.H., O’Brien, J., Waetjen, D.P., and Shapiro, A.M. 2010. Compounded effects of climate change and habitat alteration shift patterns of butterfly diversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107: 2088. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0909686107
Frontier, S. 1985. Diversity and structure in aquatic ecosystems. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, .
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Hill, J., Hamer, K., Tangah, J., and Dawood, M. 2001. Ecology of tropical butterflies in rainforest gaps. Oecologia, 128: 294–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s004420100651
Jeratthitikul, E., Lewvanich, A., Butcher, B.A., and Lekprayoon, C. 2009. A Taxonomic Study of the Genus Eurema Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in Thailand. Tropical Natural History, 9: 1–20.
Jew, E.K.K., Loos, J., Dougill, A.J., Sallu, S.M., and Benton, T.G. 2015. Butterfly communities in miombo woodland: Biodiversity declines with increasing woodland utilisation. Biological Conservation, 192: 436–444. https://doi.org/10. 1016 /j.biocon.2015.10.022
Jonason, D., Milberg, P., and Bergman, K.-O. 2010. Monitoring of butterflies within a landscape context in south-eastern Sweden. Journal for Nature Conservation, 18: 22–33. https://doi.org/ 10. 1016/j.jnc.2009.02.001
Karl, I., and Fischer, K. 2008. Why get big in the cold? Towards a solution to a life-history puzzle. Oecologia, 155: 215–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00442-007-0902-0
Kimura, Y., Aoki, T., Yamaguchi, S., Uemura, Y., and Saito, T. 2011. The Butterflies of Thailand. Vol. 1: Hesperiidae, Papilionidae and Pieridae based on Yunosuke Kimura Collection. Mokuyosha, Tokyo, Japan.
Kimura, Y., Aoki, T., Yamaguchi, S., Uemura, Y., and Saito, T. 2014. The Butterflies of Thailand. Vol. 2: Lycaenidae based on Yunosuke Kimura Collection. Mokuyosha, Tokyo, Japan.
Kimura, Y., Aoki, T., Yamaguchi, S., Uemura, Y., and Saito, T. 2016. The Butterflies of Thailand. Vol. 3: Nymphalidae based on Yunosuke Kimura Collection. Mokuyosha, Tokyo, Japan.
Koh, L.P. 2007. Impacts of land use change on South-east Asian forest butterflies: a review. Journal of Applied Ecology, 44: 703–713. https://doi.org/10. 1111/j. 1365-2664.2007.01324.x
Koh, L.P., and Sodhi, N.S. 2004. Importance of reserves, fragments, and parks for butterfly conservation in a tropical urban landscape. Ecological Applications, 14: 1695–1708.
Krauss, J., Steffan-Dewenter, I., and Tscharntke, T. 2003. How does landscape context contribute to effects of habitat fragmentation on diversity and population density of butterflies? Journal of Biogeography, 30: 889–900. https://doi.org/10. 1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00878.x
Mayekar, H.V., and Kodandaramaiah, U. 2017. Pupal colour plasticity in a tropical butterfly, Mycalesis mineus (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). In: Etges, W.J. (Ed.), PLOS ONE, 12: e0171482. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171482
Munyuli, M.B.T. 2012. Butterfly Diversity from Farmlands of Central Uganda. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology, 2012: 1–23. https://doi.org/10. 1155 /2012/481509
Öckinger, E., Dannestam, Å., and Smith, H.G. 2009. The importance of fragmentation and habitat quality of urban grasslands for butterfly diversity. Landscape and Urban Planning, 93: 31–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.05.021
Oksanen, J. 2015. Multivariate Analysis of EcologicalCommunities in R: vegan tutorial [WWW Document]. URL https://cc.oulu.fi/~ jarioksa/opetus/metodi/vegantutor.pdf (accessed 2.14.19).
Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F.G., Friendly, M., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., McGlinn, D., Minchin, P.R., O’Hara, R.B., Simpson, G.L., Solymos, P., Stevens, M.H.H., Szoecs, E., and Wagner, H. 2018. vegan: Community Ecology Package [WWW Document]. URL https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan (accessed 2.14.19).
Palmer, M.W. 1993. Putting Things in Even Better Order: The Advantages of Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Ecology, 74: 2215–2230. https://doi.org/10.2307/1939575
Parmesan, C., Ryrholm, N., Stefanescu, C., Hill, J.K., Thomas, C.D., Descimon, H., Huntley, B., Kaila, L., Kullberg, J., Tammaru, T., Tennent, W.J., Thomas, J.A., and Warren, M. 1999. Poleward shifts in geographical ranges of butterfly species associated with regional warming. Nature, 399: 579.
Posa, M.R.C., and Sodhi, N.S. 2006. Effects of anthropogenic land use on forest birds and butterflies in Subic Bay, Philippines. Biological Conservation, 129: 256–270. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.biocon.2005.10.041
R Core Team 2018. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
Robinson, G.S., Ackery, P.R., Kitching, I.J., Beccaloni, G.W., and Hernández, L.M. 2010. HOSTS - a Database of the World’s Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London. [WWW Document]. URL https://www.nhm.ac.uk /our-science/data/hostplants/ (accessed 2.22.19).
Roy, D.B., Rothery, P., Moss, D., Pollard, E., and Thomas, J.A. 2001. Butterfly numbers and weather: predicting historical trends in abundance and the future effects of climate change. Journal of Animal Ecology, 70: 201–217. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2001.00480.x
Schneider, C., and Fry, G. 2005. Estimating the consequences of land-use changes on butterfly diversity in a marginal agricultural landscape in Sweden. Journal for Nature Conservation, 13: 247–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2005.02.006
Spatharis, S., and Tsirtsis, G. 2013. Zipf–Mandelbrot model behavior in marine eutrophication: two way fitting on field and simulated phytoplankton assemblages. Hydrobiologia, 714: 191–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-013-1536-3
ter Braak, C.J.F. 1986. Canonical correspondence analysis: A new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. Ecology, 67: 1167–1179. https://doi.org/10.2307/1938672
Wilson, R.J., Gutiérrez, D., Gutiérrez, J., and Monserrat, V.J. 2007. An elevational shift in butterfly species richness and composition accompanying recent climate change. Global Change Biology, 13: 1873–1887. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01418.x
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2019-08-31
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Chaianunporn, K. and Chaianunporn, T. 2019. Effects of Habitat Types on Butterfly Communities (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) in Chulabhorn Dam, Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand. Tropical Natural History. 19, 2 (Aug. 2019), 70–87.
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