Discovering a Population of Tylototriton verrucosus (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Thailand: Implications for Conservation

Authors

  • Porrawee Pomchote Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, THAILAND
  • Wichase Khonsue Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, THAILAND
  • Pitak Sapewisut Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, THAILAND
  • Koshiro Eto Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History & Human History, Fukuoka 805–0071, JAPAN
  • Kanto Nishikawa Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8501, JAPAN

Keywords:

conservation, cryptic species, newt, Thailand, Tylototriton verrucosus

Abstract

The Asian newt genus Tylototriton, is the only urodelan genus currently recorded in Thailand. For a long time in the past, T. verrucosus was the sole known urodelan species found in Thailand, but was recently shown to be comprised of three cryptic species, T. uyenoi, T. anguliceps, and T. panhai.  However, in our molecular study, the newts from Doi Chang, Chiang Rai Province were different from these three recognized Tylototriton species, and nested within the clade of T. verrucosus from China. They also had morphological traits similar to T. verrucosus. These results lead to the confirmation of the existence of T. verrucosus in Thailand. The habitats of T. verrucosus need to be protected by future conservation plans.

References

Anderson, J. 1871. Description of a new genus of newts from western Yunan [sic]. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871: 423–425.

Arntzen, J.W., Smithson, A. and Oldham, R.S. 1999. Marking and tissue sampling effects on body condition and survival in the newt Triturus cristatus. Journal of Herpetology, 33: 567–576.

Baimai, V. 2010. Biodiversity in Thailand. The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand, 2: 107–118.

Chan-ard, T., Grossmann, W., Gumprecht, A. and Schulz, K.D. 1999. Amphibians and reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand, Bushmasters Publication, Wuerselen, 240 pp.

Chan-ard, T. 2003. A Photographic Guide to Amphibians in Thailand, Darnsutha Press, Bangkok, 176 pp.

Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation. https://dnp.go.th (Accessed 7 August 2019).

Dowwiangkan, T., Ponpituk, Y., Chuaynkern, C., Chuaynkern, Y. and Duengkae, P. 2018. Population and habitat selection of the Tylototriton uyenoi in the Maesa-Kogma Biosphere Reserve, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. Alytes, 36: 300–313.

Fellers, G.M. and Freel, K.L. 1995. A standardized protocol for surveying aquatic amphibians. Technical Report NPS/WRUC/NRTR-95–001. National Biological Service, Cooperative Park Studies Unit, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.

Felsenstein, J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution, 39: 783–791. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307 /2408678

Grismer, L.L., Wood, P.L.Jr., Quah, E.S.H., Thura, M.K., Espinoza, R.E., Grismer, M.S., Murdoch, M.L. and Lin, A. 2018. A new species of Crocodile Newt Tylototriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Shan State, Myanmar (Burma). Zootaxa, 4500: 553–573.

Hernandez, A., Escoriza, D., Pomchote, P. and Hou, M. 2019. New localities for Tylototriton uyenoi, T. panhai and T. anguliceps in Thailand with remarks on the southernmost distribution of the genus. The Herpetological Bulletin, 147: 9–12.

Heyer, W.R., Donnelly, M.A., McDiarmid, R.W., Hayek, L.C. and Foster, M.S. (Eds) 1994. Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity: Standard Method for Amphibians, Washington and London, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 320 pp.

Khonsue, W., Chaiananporn, T. and Pomchote, P. 2010. Skeletochronological assessment of age in the Himalayan crocodile newt, Tylototriton verrucosus (Anderson, 1871) from Thailand. Tropical Natural History, Chulalongkorn University, 10: 181–188.

Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. and Tamura, K. 2018. MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35: 1547–1549.

Le, D.T., Nguyen, T.T., Nishikawa, K., Nguyen, S.L.H., Pham, A.V., Matsui, M., Bernardes, M. and Nguyen, T.Q. 2015. A new species of Tylototriton Anderson, 1871 (Amphibia: Salamandridae) from Northern Indochina. Current Herpetology, 34: 38–50.

Mitchell, M.A. 2009. Anesthetic considerations for amphibians. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 18: 40–49.

Nabhitabhata, J., Chan-ard, T. and Chuaynkern, Y. 2000. Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles in Thailand, Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, 152 pp.

Nishikawa, K., Jiang, J.P. and Matsui, M. 2011. Two new species of Pachytriton from Anhui and Guangxi, China (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae). Current Herpetology, 30: 15–30.

Nishikawa, K., Khonsue, W., Pomchote, P. and Matsui, M. 2013a. Two new species of Tylototriton from Thailand (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae). Zootaxa, 3737: 261–279.

Nishikawa, K., Matsui, M. and Nguyen, T.T. 2013b. A new species of Tylototriton from northern Vietnam (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae). Current Herpetology, 32: 34–49.

Nishikawa, K., Matsui, M. and Rao, D.Q. 2014. A new species of Tylototriton (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from central Myanmar. The Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, 60: 9–22.

Nishikawa, K., Rao, D.Q., Matsui, M. and Eto, K. 2015. Taxonomic relationship between Tylototriton daweishanensis Zhao, Rao, Liu, Li and Yuan, 2012 and T. yangi Hou, Li and Lu, 2012 (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae). Current Herpetology, 34: 67–74.

Nussbaum, R.A., Brodie, E.D. and Datong, Y. 1995. A taxonomic review of Tylototriton verrucosus Anderson (Amphibia: Caudata: Salamandridae). Herpetologica, 51: 257–268.

Phimmachak, S., Aowphol, A. and Stuart, B.L. 2015a. Morphological and molecular variation in Tylototriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) in Laos, with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 4006: 285–310.

Phimmachak, S., Stuart, B.L. and Aowphol, A. 2015b. Ecology and natural history of the knobby newt Tylototriton podichthys (Caudata: Salamandridae) in Laos. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 63: 389–400.

Polich, R.L., Searcy, C.A. and Shaffer, H.B. 2013. Effects of tail-clipping on survivorship and growth of larval salamanders. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 77: 1420–1425.

Pomchote, P., Pariyanonth, P. and Khonsue, W. 2008. Two distinctive color patterns of Himalayan Newt (Tylototriton verrucosus; Urodela; Salamandridae) in Thailand and its implication on geographic segregation. The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University, 8: 35–43.

Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Hohna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. and Huelsenbeck, J.P. 2012. MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61: 539–542.

Shen, Y., Jiang, J. and Mo, X. 2012. A new species of the genus Tylototriton (Amphibia, Salamandridae) from Hunan, China. Asian Herpetological Research, 3: 21–30.

Stamatakis, A. 2014. RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics, 30: 1312–1313.

Suwannapoom, C., Yuan, Z.Y., Poyarkov, N.A.Jr., Yan, F., Kamtaeja, S., Murphy R.W. and Che, J. 2016. A new species of genus Fejervarya (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from northern Thailand. Zoological Research, 37: 327–337.

Suwannapoom, C., Sumontha, M., Tunprasert, J., Ruangsuwan, T., Pawangkhanant, P., Korost, D.V. and Poyarkov, N.A. 2018. A striking new genus and species of cave-dwelling frog (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae: Asterophryinae) from Thailand. PeerJ, 6: e4422.

Tanabe, A.S. 2011. Kakusan4 and Aminosan: two programs for comparing non-partitioned, proportional, and separate models for combined molecular phylogenetic analyses of multilocus sequence data. Molecular Ecology Notes, 11: 914–921. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998. 2011.03021.x

Tantipisanuh, N. and Gale, A. 2018. Identification of biodiversity hotspot in national level-importance of unpublished data. Global Ecology and Conservation, 13: e00377.

Taylor, E.H. 1962. The amphibian fauna of Thailand. The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 43: 265–599.

Wangyal, J.T. and Gurung, D.B. 2012. The distribution of Himalayan newts, Tylototriton verrucosus in the Punakha-Wangdue Valley, Bhutan. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 4: 3218–3222.

Weisrock, D.W., Papenfuss, T.J., Macey, J.R., Litvinchuk, S.N., Polymeni, R., Ugurtas, I.H., Zhao, E., Jowkar, H. and Larson, A. 2006. A molecular assessment of phylogenetic relationships and lineage accumulation rates within family Salamandridae (Amphibia, Caudata). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 41: 368–383.

Wongratana, T. 1984. Range extension of crocodile salamander, Tylototriton verrucosus Phu Luang, Thailand. Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, 32: 107–110.

Zaw, T., Lay, P., Pawangkhanant, P., Gorin, V.A. and Poyarkov, N.A.Jr. 2019. A new species of Crocodile Newt, genus Tylototriton (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae) from the mountains of Kachin State, northern Myanmar. Zoological Research, 40: 151–174.

Zhang, M.W., Rao, D.Q., Yu, G.H. and Yang, J.X. 2007. The validity of red knobby newt (Tylototriton shanjing) species status based on mitochondrial cyt b gene. Zoological Research, 28: 430–436.

Downloads

Published

2020-02-20

How to Cite

[1]
Pomchote, P., Khonsue, W., Sapewisut, P., Eto, K. and Nishikawa, K. 2020. Discovering a Population of Tylototriton verrucosus (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Thailand: Implications for Conservation. Tropical Natural History. 20, 1 (Feb. 2020), 1–15.

Issue

Section

Original Articles