Effects of Pediastrum boryanum and Dried Chlorella as Feeds on the Growth Performance and Carotenoid Content of the Fairy Shrimp Branchinella thailandensis (Branchiopoda, Anostraca)
Keywords:
aquaculture, carotenoid, Chlorella vulgaris, freshwater, microalgal diets, survival rateAbstract
In this study, fresh Pediastrum boryanum and dried chlorella were chosen as alternative diets to feed the fairy shrimp Branchinella thailandensis instead of its most common, Chlorella vulgaris. In three separate trials, 5-day-old B. thailandensis was fed 6.8 x 106 cells mL-1 of fresh C. vulgaris (as a control), 6.8 x 106 cells mL-1 of fresh P. boryanum, and 3 mg of dry weight per individual of powdered chlorella for 15 days. Animals in each experiment were fed twice a day for 15 days with three replicates (n = 100 individuals per replicate). The results showed that the body length of B. thailandensis, which was fed fresh P. boryanum and dried chlorella for 5 days, had increased more than the control. However, at the end of the experiment, B. thailandensis fed with dried chlorella had a longer body length than those fed the control or P. boryanum (P > 0.05). The fairy shrimp fed with P. boryanum for 15 days had the highest survival rate of 70.8%, followed by the control (70.0%) and dried chlorella (28.3%) (P < 0.05). Additionally, B. thailandensis fed with P. boryanum had the highest protein content of 73.37%, compared to those fed with dried chlorella (63.77%) and the control (54.14%) (P < 0.05). In contrast, the treatments fed with P. boryanum had significantly lower lipid and carbohydrate contents (3.21 and 11.29%) than those fed with the control (3.56, 26.88%) and the dried chlorella (3.50, 26.53%) (P < 0.05). The highest total carotenoid content, however, was 380.19 g g-1 in B. thailandensis fed with dried chlorella, followed by P. boryanum (310.91 g g-1) and the control (200.53 g g-1 dry weight) (P < 0.05). Therefore, it is possible to promote fresh P. boryanum as a substitute for feeding fairy shrimp. Nonetheless, it is advised to feed the shrimp that were reared for 5–10 days with dried chlorella when live algae are scarce. These results will aid the development of shrimp farming practices.
References
Agwa, O.K., Ibe, S.N. and Abu, G.O. 2013. Heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella sp. using different waste extracts. International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2(3): 289–297.
Ali, A.J. and Dumont, H.J. 2001. Suitability of decapsulated cysts of the fairy shrimp, Streptocephalus proboscideus (Crustacea: Anostraca) as food for Tilapia, Oreochromis aureus larvae: a primary study. In: A.M. Maeda-Martinez, G. Murugan, E.E. Silva and D. Belk (eds.), Fourth International Large Branchiopod Symposium, Mexico, January 23-27, 2001: 41.
Andersen, R.A. and Kawachi, M. 2005. Traditional microalgae isolation techniques. In: Algal Culturing Techniques, Elsevier Academic Press, London. 83–100.
Ankley, G.T., Schubauer-Berigan, MK. and Monson, P.D. 1995. Influence of pH and hardness on toxicity of ammonia to the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 52: 2078–2083.
AOAC, 2019. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists: Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 21st Edition. AOAC, Washington D.C.
Arauzo, M. 2003. Harmful effects of un-ionised ammonia on the zooplankton community in a deep waste treatment pond. Water Research, 37: 1048–1054.
Brüggemann, J. 2012. Nematodes as live food in larviculture – A review. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 43(6): 739–763.
Chaoruangrit, L., Plodsomboon, S., Rogers D.C. and Sanoamuang, L. 2017. Morphology of mandibles and food size in two fairy shrimps (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) from Thailand. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 37(5): 579–587.
Chaoruangrit, L., Tapaneeyaworawong, P., Powtongsook, S. and Sanoamuang, L. 2018. Alternative microalgal diets for cultivation of the fairy shrimp Branchinella thailandensis (Branchiopoda: Anostraca). Aquaculture International, 26: 37–47.
Dararat W, Starkweather P.L., and Sanoamuang, L. 2011. Life history of three fairy shrimps (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) from Thailand. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 31: 623–629.
Dararat, W., Lomthaisong, K. and Sanoamuang, L. 2012. Biochemical composition of three species of fairy shrimp (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) from Thailand. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 32: 81–87.
Dhont, J., Dierckens, K., Støttrup, J., Van Stappen, G., Wille, M. and Sorgeloos, P. 2013. Rotifers, Artemia and copepods as live feeds for fish larvae in aquaculture. In G. Allan and G. Burnell (Eds.), Advances in Aquaculture Hatchery Technology (Vol. 242, pp. 157–202). Cambridge, UK: Woodhead.
Dumont, H.J. and Munuswamy, N. 1997. The potential of freshwater Anostraca for technical applications. Hydrobiologia, 358: 193–197.
Gopakumar, G. and Santhosi, I. 2009. Use of copepods as live feed for larviculture of damselfishes. Asian Fisheries Science Journal, 22: 1–6.
Guedes, A.C. and Malcata, F.X. 2012. Nutritional Value and Uses of Microalgae in Aquaculture. In: Muchlisin, Z., Ed., Aquaculture, In Tech. http://www.intechopen.com/books/aquaculture/nutritional-value-and-uses-of -microalgae-in-aquaculturemicroalgae-in aquaculture
Hoshow, R.W. and Rosowski, J.R. 1973. Method of microscopic algae. In Stein, J.R. (ed.), Hand book of phycological methods culture methods and growth measurements (pp. 53-68). Oxford: Cambridge University Press.
International Patent, 2017. Dried chlorella based compositions and methods for plant enhancement, World Intellectual Property, International Publication Number, WO 2017/132204 A1, https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/5c/5f/b9/7557c6c4abf246/ WO2017132204A1.pdf
Jeffrey, S.W., Montoura, R.F.C. and Wright, S.W. 1997. Data for the identification of 47 key phytoplankton pigments, in: Jeffrey, S.W. et al. (Ed.) Phytoplankton pigments in oceanography: guidelines to modern methods. Monographs on Oceanographic Methodology (10: pp. 449–559) Paris: UNESCO publishing.
Kassim, Z., John, A., Chin, L.K., Zakaria, N.F. and Asgnari, N.H. 2014. Sustainable Technique for Selected Live Feed Culture. In M.P.H. Vergara and C.I. Perez-Rostro (Eds.), Sustainable Aquaculture Techniques. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/57212.
Lee, S.H., Kim, A.D., Kang, M.C., Lee, J.B. and Jeon, Y.J. 2009. Potential antioxidant activities of enzymatic digests from fresh water microalgae, Pediastrum duplex and Dactylococcopsis fascicularis. Algae, 24(3): 169–177.
Lewmanomont, K., Wongrat, L. and Supanwanid, C. 1995. Algae in Thailand. Integrated Promotion Technology, Co. Ltd., Bangkok, 334 pp.
Martinez-Goss, M.R., Arguelles, E.D. and Nacorda, J.O.O. 2018. Some Pediastrum species (Chlorophyceae) from Laguna de Bay (Philippines) and its vicinities. Philippine Scientist, 53: 31–51.
Nelis, H., Lavens, P., Van Steenberge, M., Sorgeloos, P., Criel, G. and De Leenheer, A. 1988. Qualitative and quantitative changes in the carotenoids during development of the brine shrimp Artemia. Journal of Lipid Research, 29: 491–499.
Paniagua-Michel, J., Olmos-Soto, J., and Acosta-Ruiz, M. 2012. Pathways of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Bacteria and Microalgae. In Jose-Luis Barredo (ed.), Methods and Protocols, Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.), 892. 1–12.
Park, J.B.K., Craggs, R.J. and Shilton, A.N. 2014. Investigating the life-cycle and growth rate of Pediastrum boryanum and the implications for wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds. Water Research, 60: 130–140.
Plodsomboon, S., Maeda-Martinez, A.M., Obregon-Barboza, H. and Sanoamuang, L. 2012. Reproductive cycle and genitalia of the fairy shrimp Branchinella thailandensis (Branchiopoda: Anostraca). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 32(5): 711–726.
Prasertsin, T., Pekkoh, J., Pathom-aree, W. and Peerapornpisal, Y. 2014. Diversity, new and rare taxa of Pediastrum spp. in some freshwater resources in Thailand. Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 41(5.1): 1065–1076.
Rhodes, A.C.E. 2007. Dietary effects on carotenoid composition in the marine harpacticoid copepod Nitokra lacustris. Journal of Plankton Research, 29: 173–183.
Saejung, C., Hatai, K., Wada, S., Kurata, O. and Sanoamuang, L. 2011. Clinical observations of black disease in fairy shrimps, Streptocephalus sirindhornae and Branchinella thailandensis, from Thailand and pathogen verification. Journal of Fish Diseases, 34: 911–920.
Saejung, C., Chaiyarat A. and Sanoamuang, L. 2018. Effects of algae, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria diets on survival and growth performance in the fairy shrimp, Streptocephalus sirindhornae (Branchiopoda: Anostraca). Crustaceana, 91: 1505–1522.
Saejung, C., Chaiyarat A. and Sanoamuang, L. 2021. Optimization of three anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria as feed to enhance growth, survival, and water quality in fairy shrimp (Streptocephalus sirindhornae) cultivation. Aquaculture, 534: 736288.
Saengphan, N., Shiel, R.J. and Sanoamuang, L. 2005. The cyst hatching pattern of the Thai fairy shrimp, Branchinella thailandensis Sanoamuang, Saengphan and Murugan, 2002 (Anostraca). Crustaceana, 78: 513–523.
Samat N.A., Yusoff, F.M., Rasdi, N.W. and Karim, M. 2020. Enhancement of live food nutritional status with essential nutrients for improving aquatic animal health: A review. Animals (Basel), 10(12): 2457.
Sanoamuang, L., Murugan, G., Weekers, P.H.H. and Dumont, H.J. 2000. Streptocephalus sirindhornae, new species of freshwater fairy shrimp (Anostraca) from Thailand. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 20: 559–565.
Sanoamuang, L. and Saengphan, N. 2006. A new species of Streptocephalus fairy shrimp (Crustacea, Anostraca) with tetrahedral cysts from central Thailand. International Review of Hydrobiology, 91: 250–256.
Sanoamuang, L., Saengphan, N. and Murugan, G. 2002. First record of the family Thamnocephalidae (Crustacea: Anostraca) from Southeast Asia and description of a new species of Branchinella. Hydrobiologia, 486: 63–69.
Sornsupharp, S., Dahms, H-U. and Sanoamuang, L. 2013. Nutrient composition of fairy shrimp Streptocephalus sirindhornae nauplii as live food and growth performance of giant freshwater prawn postlarvae. Aquaculture Nutrition, 19: 349–359.
Sornsupharp, B., Lomthaisong, K., Dahms, H.-U. and Sanoamuang, L. 2015. Effects of dried fairy shrimp Streptocephalus sirindhornae meal on pigmentation and carotenoid deposition in flowerhorn cichlid; Amphilophus citrinellus (Günther, 1864) X Cichlasoma trimaculatum (Günther, 1867). Aquaculture Research, 46: 173–184.
Sriputhorn, K. and Sanoamuang, L. 2007. Culture of the Thai fairy shrimp (Branchinella thailandensis Sanoamuang, Saengphan and Murugan) by bioextract and yeast as food. Journal of Scientific Research (Section T) [special issue 1], 6: 369–375.
Sriputhorn, K. and Sanoamuang, L. 2011. Fairy shrimp (Streptocephalus sirindhornae) as live feed improve growth and carotenoid contents of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. International Journal of Zoological Research, 7: 138–146.
Strickland, J.D.H. and Parsons, T.R. 1972. A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Ottawa, 328 pp.
Su, F., Huang, B. and Liu, J. 2018. The carotenoids of shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea and Dendrobranchiata) cultured in China. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 38(5): 523–530.
Thaimuangphol, W. and Sanoamuang, L. 2017. Optimal egg viability storage conditions in two commercial fairy shrimps (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca) from Thailand. Aquaculture Research, 48: 5029–5040.
Thaimuangphol, W. and Sanoamuang, L. 2020. Food Compositions of two commercial fairy shrimps, Branchinella thailandensis and Streptocephalus sirindhornae (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca). International Journal of Zoological Research, 16(1): 12–19.
Thaimuangphol, W., Sanoamuang, L. and Wangkahart, E. 2022. The immune response of fairy shrimp Streptocephalus sirindhornae against bacterial black disease by de novo transcriptome analysis. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 121: 108–115.
Thanakiattiwibun, C., Srisakultieaw, P., Saengphan, N., Athibai, S. and Sanoamuang, L. 2017. Comparative reproductive study of two Streptocephalus sirindhornae (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) populations and F1 hybrids: a laboratory study. Hydrobiologia, 801: 71–80.
Thurston, R.V., Chakoumakos, C. and Russo, R.C. 1981. Effect of fluctuating exposures on the acute toxicity of ammonia to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and cutthroat trout (S. clarki). Water Research, 15(7): 911–917.
Turcihan, G., Turgay, E., Yardimci, R.E. and Eryalcin, K.M. 2021. The effect of feeding with different microalgae on survival, growth, and fatty acid composition of Artemia franciscana metanauplii and on predominant bacterial species of the rearing water. Aquaculture International, 29: 223–2241.
Velu, C.S. and Munuswamy, N. 2007. Composition and nutritional efficacy of adult fairy shrimp Streptocephalus dichotomus as live feed. Food Chemistry, 100: 1435–1442.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Chulalongkorn University. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher
