Analysis of Heavy Metal: Antimony, Barium and Lead in Gunshot Residues Produced by .38 Special Ammunition

Abstract

Accumulation of heavy metals, antimony (Sb), barium (Ba) and lead (Pb) can cause adverse effect to human health. This study aims to determine heavy metals, antimony (Sb), barium (Ba) and lead (Pb) which are the main components of gunshot residue (GSR) and produced by .38 Special (.38 Spl) ammunition. At the end of 1, 3 and 6 shots of firing, GSR was swabbed from hand of shooter. The amount of antimony (Sb), barium (Ba) and lead (Pb) in GSR samples was quantified using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (GFAAS). The highest amount of Pb in GSR was observed, followed by Ba and Sb. The amount at 6 shots of firing was 34986.15, 1047.69 and 471.78 μg/L for Pb, Ba and Sb, respectively, and the most accumulation was observed on the back of right hand. This result indicated that exposure to heavy metal in those who work or are involved in firing can occur, and it can cause acute and chronic toxicity. Therefore, prevention and reduction in the risk of exposure is needed.