Inflammation and Prostate Carcinogenesis

Abstract

Chronic inflammation involved in prostate carcinogenesis during initiation, promotion and progression steps. Chronic prostatitis causes by infection or chemical exposure. In the initiation step, the alteration of various inflammatory related genes, such as RNASEL, MSR1, GSTP1 and NKX3.1 was reported. Tumor promotion and progression steps are related with the inflammatory environment. The recruitment of immune cells to the site of inflammation releases pro-inflammatory mediators, including COX-2, iNOS, MMP-2, MMP-9, NO, ROS, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a and chemokines (chemokine C-C motif ligand 2; CCL2). These pro-inflammatory mediators enhance prostate cancer cell growth, proliferation, angiogenesis and invasion. Therefore, the prevention and inhibition of the chronic inflammation may reduce risk factors of prostate carcinogenesis.