Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Extraction and Bioaccessible Fraction of Mulberry against IL-1β-Induced Inflammation in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
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Abstract
The inflammation of retinal pigmented epithelium cells (RPE) is a strong risk factor inducing age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leading to visual impairment and blindness among the elderly. Therefore, protecting RPE cells from inflammation may protect or delay the progression of AMD development. Mulberry fruits are rich in bioactive compounds including anthocyanin which exerts many biological activities, especially anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of mulberry extract (ME) and bioaccessible fraction from simulated gastrointestinal digestion of mulberry (BFM) on interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induced inflammation in human RPE (ARPE-19) cells. Pre-treating ARPE-19 cells with ME at concentration 10-500 µg/ml or BFM diluted 1:3 (v/v) with basal media for 1 h prior to stimulation with IL-1β for another 24 h. Results showed that ME and BFM significantly reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1) levels (p < 0.05) without toxicity in ARPE-19 cells induced inflammation. These findings indicated that ME could protect human retina cells from inflammatory induction, which causes AMD development. The portion of mulberry that underwent simulated digestion retained its ability to protect ARPE-19 cells from inflammatory induction. However, further research is necessary to investigate the impact of mulberry on AMD, incorporating both experimental animal models and human subjects.
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