Evaluation of Maternal Effect and Hybrid Vigorusing Genetic Relationships based on Molecularand Phenotypic Distances between Parents and theirHybrids in Okra

Main Article Content

Mohammed Hassan Abd El-Aziz*
Mohamed Saad lbrahim Hamada
Sayed Yossef Mohamed
Manal Mohamed EI-sayed Zaater

Abstract

Maternal effect and hybrid vigor using genetic relationships based on molecular distance estimated by RAPD technique and genetic relationships based on phenotypic distance estimated using 14 economic traits among four different parental genotypes of okra with their hybrids and reciprocal hybrids were evaluated. In RAPD technique, out of 19 random primers, only six of them were successful in generating reproducible and reliable 39 amplicons. Among studied genotypes, 29 amplicons were polymorphic with an average of 72.85% polymorphism .The estimated molecular and phenotypic distances ranged between 0.03 to 0.25 and 4.00 to 6.47, respectively. Non-significant positive correlation (r=0.45) between molecular and phenotypic distances was found. The genetic relationships based on molecular distances for all crosses and reciprocal crosses revealed that, some crosses (HK x Line2 and Line1 x Line2) appeared to have maternal effect, while some of the other crosses (HKxLine1 and Line2xLine3) appeared to have hybrid vigor. On the other hand, the genetic relationships based on phenotypic distance revealed that no maternal effect was shown in all crosses while those relationships were able to show hybrid vigor in most crosses. The results suggested the capability of genetic relationships based on molecular distances to clarify the maternal effect and hybrid vigor in some crosses. Besides, these results also indicated the efficiency of genetic relationships based on phenotypic distances using all studied traits to estimate hybrid vigor.


Keywords: Okra, RAPD, maternal effect, hybrid vigor, molecular distance, phenotypic distance


*Corresponding author:


E-mail: mohahassan2005@gmail.com

Article Details

Section
Original Research Articles

References

[1] Kumar, N.S. and Anandan, A., 2006. Combining ability and heterosis for fruit yield characters in Okra (Abelmoschusesculentus L. Moench). International Journal of Plant Science, 1(1), 88–91.
[2] Hallauer, A.R., 1997. Heterosis: What Have We Learned, What Have We Done and Where Are We Headed. CIMMYT, Mexico, pp. 346–347.
[3] Chandra-Shekara, A.C., Prasanna, B.M., Singh, B.B., Unnikrishnan, K.V. and Seetharam, A. 2007. Effect of cytoplasm and cytoplasm-nuclear interaction on combining ability and heterosis for agronomic traits in pearl millet Pennisetumglaucum (L.). Br. R., Euphytica, 153, 15–26.
[4] Bassey, E.E., Okocha, P.I., Eka, M.J. and Umechuruba, C.I., 2008. Determination of general combining ability of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) for production of hybrid varieties in the tropical rainforest environment of Uyo, southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Research in Agriculture, 5(4), 119–124.
[5] Roach, D.A. and Wulff, R.D., 1987. Maternal Effects in Plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 18, 209–235.
[6] Udengwu, O.S., 2008. Studies on heterosis in Abelmoschusesculentus (L.) Moench and A. callei (A. Chev) stevels cultivars during shorter day photoperiods in south eastern Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 2(21), 1388–1398.
[7] Bassey, E.E., Okocha, P.I., Eka, M.J. and Umechuruba, C.I., 2010. A study on gene actions in diallel crosses of okra (Abelmoschusesculentus L.moench) for development of improved varieties in humid environment of southeasternNigeria,Nigerian Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment,6(3),19-24.
[8] Ali, B.A., Huang, T., Qin, D. and Wang, X., 2004. A review of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in fish research. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 14, 443–453.
[9] Kumari, N. and Thakur, S.K., 2014. Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA-A Brief Review. AJAVS., 9 (1), 6–13.
[10] Winget, D.M. and Wommack, K.E., 2008. Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA PCR as a Tool for Assessment of Marine Viral Richness. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 74(9), 2612–2618.
[11] Raghunathachari, P., Khanna, V.K., Singh, U.S. and Singh, N.K., 2000. RAPD analysis of genetic variability in Indian scented rice germplasm. Current Science, 79, 994–998.
[12] Hadrys, H., Balick, M. and Schierwater, B., 1992. Applications of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in molecular ecology. Molecular Ecology, 1, 55–64.
[13] Zhang, Q., Gao, Y.J., Yang, S.H., Ragab, R.A., Maroof, M.A.S. and Li, Z.B., 1994. A diallel analysis of heterosis in elite hybrid rice based on RFLPs and microsatellites. Theoretical Applied Genetics, 89, 185–192.
[14] Bernardo, R., 1992. Relationship between single-cross performance and molecular marker heterozygosity. Theoretical Applied Genetics, 83, 628–634.
[15] Benchimol, L.L., De SuzaJn, C.L., Garsia, A.A.F., Kono, P.M. and Mangolin, C.A., 2000. Genetic diversity in tropical maize inbred lines: Heterotic group assignment and hybrid performance determined by RFLP markers. Plant Breed. 119, 491–496.
[16] Liu, Z.Q., Pei, Y. and Pu, Z. J., 1999. Relationship between hybrid performance and genetic diversity based on RAPD markers in wheat, TriticumaestivumL. Plant Breed.118, 119–123.
[17] Diers, B.W., McVetty, P.B.E. and Osborn, T.C., 1995. Relationship between heterosis and genetic distance based on restriction fragment length polymorphism markers in oilseed rape (Brassica napusL.).Crop Sci., 36, 79–83.
[18] Excoffier, L., Smouse, P.E. and Quattro, J.M., 1992. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics, 131, 479–491.
[19] Lefort-Buson, M., Guillot-Lemoine, B. and Dattee, Y., 1986. Heterosis and genetic distance in rapeseed: (Brassica napus L.). Use of different indicators of genetic divergence in a 7 diallel. Agronomie, 6, 839–844.
[20] Ali, M., Copeland, L.O., Elias, S.G. and Kelly, J.D., 1995. Relationship between genetic distance and heterosis for yield and phenotypic traits in winter canola (Brassica napus L.). Theor. Appl. Genet, 91,118–121.
[21] Atchley, W.R., Newman, S. and Cowley, D.E., 1988. Genetic divergence in mandible form in relation to molecular divergence in inbred mouse strains. Genetics, 120, 239–253.
[22] Wayne, R.K. and S.I. O'brien, 1986. Empirical demonstration that structural genes and morphometric variation of mandible traits are uncoupled between mouse strains. J. Mammal., 67, 441–449.
[23] Moser, H. and Lee, M., 1994. RFLP variation and genealogical distance, multivariate distance, heterosis and genetic variance in oats. Theor. Appl. Genet., 87, 947–956.
[24] Schmitt, L.H., Kitchener, D.J. and How, R.A., 1995. A genetic perspective of mammalian variation and evolution in the Indonesian archipelago: biogeographic correlates in the fruit bat genus Cynopterus. Evolution, 49, 399–412.
[25] El-Gendy, S.E.A., 2012. Selection of some promising lines through pedigree method in okra. J. Agric. Chem. and Biotechn., 3(2), 41–48.
[26] Williams, J.G.K., Kubelik, A.R., Livak, K.J., Rafalski, J.A. and Tingey, S.V., 1990. DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Res., 18(22), 6531–6535.
[27] Nei, M. and Li, W.H., 1979. Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 76, 5269–5273.
[28] Hamada, M.S., Abd El-Aziz, M.H. and Zaater, M.M.E., 2015. Nature of gene action for some economic traits and combining ability in several geneotypes of okra. J. Agric. Chem. and Biotechn., 6(3), 53–63.
[29] Zaater, M.M.E., 2015. Genetical and Molecular Studies on Some Genotypes of Okra. Master In Agricultural Sciences Genetics Dept., Fac. Agric., Damietta University, pp.50–56.
[30] Sneath, P.H.A. and Sokal, R.R., 1973. Numerical taxonomy - the principles and practice of numerical classification. (W.H. Freeman: San Francisco.)
[31] Teklewold, A. and Becker, H.C., 2006. Comparison of phenotypic and molecular distances to predict heterosis and F1 performance in Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun). Theor. Appl. Genet., 112, 752–759.
[32] Kaufman, L. and Rousseeuw, P.J., 1990. Finding groups in data .John Wiely& sons, New York.
[33] Rizkalla, A., Hussien, B.A., Al-Ansary, A.M.F., Nasseef, J.E. and Hussein, M.H.A., 2012. Combining Ability and Heterosis Relative to RAPD Marker in Cultivated and Newly Hexaploid Wheat Varieties. Australian J. of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(5), 215–224.
[34] El-Zanaty, A.M., El-Hadary, M.H., Ismail, M. and El-Gammal, A.A., 2013. Genetic diversity of wheat genotypes based on RAPD relative to F1 hybrid performance. International journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 4(5), 1098–1107.
[35] Vaillancourt, R.E., Potts, B.M., Watson, M. Potts, Volker, P.W., Hodge, G.R., Reid, J.B. and West, A.K., 1995. Detection and prediction of heterosis in eucalyptus globules. Forest Genetics, 2(1), 11–19.