Aflatoxin Contamination of Chilli Powder in Canteens of King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Chilli powder from 8 canteens serving various faculties of King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok, Thailand was surveyed for aflatoxin contamination. Seventy-two samples of chilli powder from 24 food stalls in 8 canteens were collected. These samples including 9 control chilli samples belonging to the same commercial brand were analysed for aflatoxin using DOA-Aflatoxin Test Kits. The results showed that all chilli powder samples collected from all food stalls were contaminated with aflatoxin B1. Chilli powder samples collected from food stalls at 5 canteens (Prathep building, Engineering Faculty, Industrial Education Faculty, KMITL building and Agricultural Technology Faculty) contained the highest average amount of aflatoxin B1 (8.94±1.10, 8.43±1.32, 8.37±1.13, 8.21±0.65 and 8.12±0.96 ppb, respectively). Chilli powder samples collected from all food stalls contained significantly higher average amounts of aflatoxin when compared to commercial chilli powder samples (5.44±0.15 ppb) used as control (p<0.05). However, the aflatoxin levels of all chilli powder samples did not exceed the legal limit (20 ppb) prescribed by Thai Ministry of Public Health.
Keywords: Chilli powder, aflatoxin B1, canteen
*Corresponding author: Tel: 662-3298415 Fax: 662-3298412
E-mail: ktdusane@hotmail.com
Article Details
Copyright Transfer Statement
The copyright of this article is transferred to Current Applied Science and Technology journal with effect if and when the article is accepted for publication. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature.
The author warrants that this contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors.
Here is the link for download: Copyright transfer form.pdf
References
[2] Bommakanti, A.S. and Waliyar, F., 2007. Importance of aflatoxins in human and livestock health. [Online]. Available at: www.aflatoxin. info/health.asp
[3] Smith, J. E. and Moss, M. O., 1985. Mycotoxins. Formation, Analysis and Significance. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
[4] Olsen, J.H., Dragsted, L. and Autrup, H., 1988. Cancer risk and occupational exposure to aflatoxins in Denmark. British Journal of Cancer, 58, 392-396.
[5] Sieber, S.M., Correa, P. Dalgard, D.W. and Adamson, R.H., 1979. Induction of osteogenic sarcomas and tumors of the hepatobiliary system in nonhuman primates with aflatoxin B1. Cancer Research, 39(11), 4545-4554.
[6] Asai, T., Tsuchiya, Y., Okano, K., Piscoya, A., Nishi, C. Y., Ikoma, T., Oyama, T., Ikegami, K. and Yamamoto, M., 2011. Aflatoxin contamination of red chili pepper from Bolivia and Peru, countries with high gallbladder cancer incidence rates. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention,13, 5167-5170
[7] Athipanyakul, T., Jogloy, S. and Pakuthai, W., 2011. Consumers’ health benefits of published standard of aflatoxin residue in peanut. Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 39 (supplement 3), 23-27.
[8] Aja-Nwachukwu, J. and Emejuaiwe, S. O., 2006. Aflatoxin-producing fungi associated with Nigerian maize. Environmental Toxicology and Water Quality, 9(1), 17-23.
[9] Charoenpornsook, K. and Kavisarasai, P., 2006. Mycotoxins in animal feedstuffs in Thailand. KMITL Science and Technology Journal, 6(1), 25-28.
[10] Promhirangul, P., 1999. Study of aflatoxin content in noodle dishes sold in three areas of Bangkok. M.Sc. Thesis, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
[11] Tassaneeyakul, W., Razzazi-Fazeli, E., Porasuphatana, S. and Bohm, J., 2004. Contamination of aflatoxins in herbal medicinal products in Thailand. Mycopathologia, 158, 239-244.
[12] Sripathomswat, W. and Thasnakorn, P., 1981. Survey of aflatoxin-producing fungi in certain fermented foods and beverages in Thailand. Mycopathologia, 73, 83-88.
[13] Reddy, D.V.R., Thirumala-Devi, K., Reddy, S.V., Waliyar, F., Mayo, M.A., Rama Devi, K., Ortiz, R. and Lenne, J.M., 2002. Estimation of aflatoxin levels in selected foods and feeds in India. In Food Safety Management in Developing Countries, pp.1-4. Hanak, E., Boutrif, E, Fabre, P. and Pineiro, M. (Eds). CIRAD-FAO, Montpellier, France.
[14] Ooraikul, S., Siriwong, W. and Siripattanakul, S., 2011. Dietary intake of chilli for local people living in chilli farm area, Ubonratchathani province, Thailand, pp. V2-37-V2-39. In 2nd International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, IPCBEE vol.6. IACSIT Press, Singapore
[15] Chinaphuti, A., Trikarunasawat, C., Wongurai, A. and Kositcharoenkul, S., 2002. Production of in-house ELISA test kit for detection of aflatoxin in agricultural commodities and their validations. Kasetsart Journal (Natural Science), 36, 179-186.
[16] Khan, M.A., Asghar, M.A., Ahmed, A., Iqbal, J. and Shamsuddin, Z.A., 2013. Reduction of aflatoxins in Dundi-cut whole red chillies (Capsicum indicum) by manual sorting technique. Science, Technology and Development, 32(1), 16-23.
[17] Waiyarattana, C., 2006. Aflatoxin content in three types of ready-to-eat chili paste from Bangkok markets and effect of sorbic acid on aflatoxin concentration. M.Sc. Thesis, Mahidol University, Thailand.
[18] Tansakul, N., Limsuwan, S., Böhm, J., Hollmann, M. and Razzazi-Fazeli, E. 2013. Aflatoxins in selected Thai commodities. Food Additives &Contaminants, 6(4), 254-259.
[19] Iqbal, S.Z., Bhatti, I.A., Asi, M.R., Bhatti, H.N. and Sheikh, M.A., 2011. Aflatoxin contamination in chilies from Punjab Pakistan with reference to climate change. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 13(2), 261-265.
[20] Khan, M.A., Asghar, M.A., Iqbal, J., Ahmed, A. and Shamsuddin, Z.A., 2014. Aflatoxins contamination and prevention in red chillies (Capsicum annuum L.) in Pakistan. Food Additives and Contamination, 7(1), 1-6.
[21] Russell, R. and Paterson, M., 2007. Aflatoxins contamination in chilli samples from Pakistan. Food Control, 18, 817-820.
[22] Creppy, E. E., 2002. Update of survey, regulation and toxic effects of mycotoxins in Europe. Toxicology Letters, 127, 19-28.
[23] FDA, 2000. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for Industry: Action Levels for Poisonous or Deleterious Substances in Human Food and Animal Feed. [Online]. Available at: http://www.fda.gov.
[24] PSQCA, 2009. Standard Development Centre, Agriculture and Food Division. Pakistan Standard & Quality Control Authority.
[25] Reddy, S.V., Mayi, D.K., Reddy, M.U., Thirumala-Devi, K. and Reddy, D.V., 2001. Aflatoxins B1 in different grades of chillies (Capsicum annum L.) in India as determined by indirect competitive-ELISA. Food Additives and Contamination, 18(6), 553-8.
[26] Boriboon, U. and Wachirakomol, R., 1988. Determination of aflatoxins in chilli paste by TLC method. Journal of Health Science, 7(4), 482-489.
[27] Moreno-Martinez, E., Vazquez-Badillo, M. and Facio-Parra, F., 2000. Use of propionic acid salts to inhibit aflatoxin production in stored grains of maize. Agrociencia, 34(4), 477-484.
[28] Thanaboripat, D., Mongkontanawut, N., Suvathi, Y. and Ruangrattametee, V., 2004. Inhibition of Aflatoxin Production and Growth of Aspergillus flavus by Citronella Oil. KMITL Science Journal, 4(1), 1-8.
[29] Thanaboripat, D., Prugcharoen, P. and Ruangrattanametee, V., 2005. Inhibitory effect of some medicinal plant extracts on the growth and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus. In: Study on Plant Pest and Disease Biological Control and Bio-technology, pp.52-62. Yang, Q. and Yu, Z. (Eds). Heilongjiang Science and Technology Press, Harbin.