Inhibitory Effect of Kaffir Lime, Bitter Cucumber and Tobacco Extracts on The Growth of Aspergillus flavus
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Published:
Mar 30, 2018
Keywords:
herb, medicinal plant, aflatoxin producing fungi, Aspergillus flavus
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Abstract
Crude ethanolic extracts of kaffir lime leaf, bitter cucumber fruit and tobacco leaf were examined for their ability to control the growth of A. flavus on PDA. The results showed that the ethanolic extracts of all herbs had an inhibitory effect on fungal growth. Kaffir lime at 10 % and tobacco at 8-10% showed significantly higher inhibition than at other concentrations whereas bitter cucumber at 6, 8 and 10% gave a similar inhibitory effect on the fungus.
Keywords: herb, medicinal plant, aflatoxin producing fungi, Aspergillus flavus
Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]
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References
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[26] www.rain-tree.com/bitmelon.html
[27] Noengpa, K., Prayoonrat, P. and Chingduang, S. 2006 Efficiency of Certain Medicinal Plants to Inhibit Colletrotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium sp., https://plantpro.doae.go.th/
[28] Nanasombat, S. and Lohasupthawee, P. 2005 Antibacterial Activity of Crude Ethanolic Extracts and Essential Oils of Spices against Salmonellae and Other Enterobacteria, KMITL Science and Technology Journal 5(3), 527-538.
[29] Lawrence, B.M., Hogg, J.W., Tehune, S.T. and Podimuang, V. 1970 The Leaf and Peel Oils of Citrus hystrix DC. Bangkok, ASRCT.
[30] Zineb, S., Mohamed, L., Mohamed, F. and Khadija, F. 2004 Inhibition of Growth and Mycotoxins Formation in Moulds by Marine Algae Cystoseira tamariscifolia, African Journal of Biotechnology, 3, 71-75.
[31] Ryu, D. and Holt, D.L. 1993 Growth Inhibition of Penicillium expansum by Several Commonly Used Food Ingredients, Journal of Food Protection, 56, 862-867.
[32] Paster, N., Juven, B.J. and Harshemesh, H. 1988 Antimicrobial Activity and Inhibition of Aflatoxin B1 Formation by Olive Plant Tissue Constituents, Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 64, 293-297.
[33] Zaika, L.L. and Buchanan, R.L. 1987 Review of Compounds Affecting the Biosynthesis or Bioregulation of Aflatoxins, Journal of Food Protection, 50(8), 691-708.
[34] Zaika, L.L. 1988 Spices and Herb: Their Antimicrobial Activity and Its Determination, Journal of Food Safety, 9, 97-118.
[35] Sinha, K.K., Sinha, A.K. and Prasad, G. 1993 The Effect of Clove and Cinnamon Oils on Growth and Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus flavus, Letter in Applied Microbiology, 16, 114-117.
[36] Snyder, O.P. 1997 Antimicrobial Effects of Spices and Herbs. Hospitality Institute of Technology and Management, St Paul, Minissota.
[2] Scholl, P. and Groopman, J.D. 1995 Epidemiology of human aflatoxin exposures and its relationship to liver cancer. In: Eklund, M., Richard, J.L. and Mise, K. eds. Molecular approaches to food safety, issues involving toxic microorganisms. Fort Collins, Colorado, Alaken, Inc., pp. 169-182.
[3] Smith, J.E. and Moss, M.O. 1985 Mycotoxins. Formation, Analysis and Significance. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
[4] Goto, T., Ito, Y., Peterson, S.W. and Wicklow, D.T. 1997 Mycotoxin Production Ability of Aspergillus tamari, Mycotoxins, 44, 17-20.
[5] Peterson, S.W., Ito, Y., Horn, B.W. and Goto, T. 2001 Aspergillus bombycis, a New Aflatoxigenic Species and Genetic Variation in Its Sibling Species, A. nomius, Mycologia, 93(4), 989-703.
[6] Ito, Y., Peterson, S.W., Wicklow, D.T. and Goto, T. 2001 Aspergillus pseudotamarii, a New Aflatoxin Producing Species in Aspergillus Section flavi, Mycological Research, 103, 233-239.
[7] Reddy, D.V.R., Thirumala-Devi, K., Reddy, S.V., Waliyar, F., Mayo, M.A., Rama Devi, K., Ortiz, R. and Lenne, J.M. 2002 Estimation of aflatoxin levels in selected foods and feeds in India. In: Hanak, E., Boutrif, E, Fabre, P. and Pineiro, M., Eds. Food Safety Management in Developing Countries. Proceedings of the International Workshop, CIRAD-FAO, Montpellier, France, pp. 1-4.
[8] Sripathomswat, N. and Thasnakorn, P. 1981 Survey of Aflatoxin-producing Fungi in Certain Fermented Foods and Beverages in Thailand, Mycopathologia, 73, 83-88.
[9] www. https://www.moh.govt.nz
[10] www. https://www.tobaccoaflatoxinalert.org/
[11] Roy, A.K., Sinha, K.K. and Chourasia, H.K. 1988 Aflatoxin Contamination of Some Common Drugs, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 54(3), 842-843.
[12] Aziz, N.H., Youssef, Y.A., El-fouly, M.Z. and Moussa, L.A. 1998 Contamination of Some Common Medicinal Plant Samples and Spice by Fungi and Their Mycotoxins, Botanica Bulletin Academica Sinica, 39, 279-287.
[13] Mahmoud, A.-L.E. 1999 Inhibition of Growth and Aflatoxin Biosynthesis of Aspergillus flavus by Extracts of Some Egyptian Plants, Letters in Applied Microbiology, 29, 334-336.
[14] Yin, Mei-Chin and Cheng,m Wenb-Shen. 1998 Inhibition of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus by Some Herbs and Spices, Journal of Food Protection, 61(1), 123-125.
[15] Thanaboripat, D. 2002 Importance of Aflatoxins, KMITL Science Journal, 2(1), 38-45.
[16] Masood, A., Dogra, J.V.V. and Jha, A.K. 1994 The Influence of Colouring and Pungent Agents of Red Chilli (Capsicum annum) on Growth and Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus flavus, Letters in Applied Microbiology, 18, 184-186.
[17] Prasad, G., Sahay, S.S. and Masood, A. 1994 Inhibition in Aflatoxin Biosynthesis by the Extract of Amorphophallus campanulatus (OL) and Calcium Oxalate, Letters in Applied Microbiology, 18, 203-205.
[18] Thanaboripat, D., Cheunoy, W., Petcharat, U., Ruangrattanametee, V. and Krisisntu, K. 2000 Control of Aflatoxigenic Fungi by Thai Neem, Government Pharmaceutical Organization Journal, 21, 41-49.
[19] Thanaboripat, D., Monkontanawut, N., Suvathi, Y. and Ruangrattanametee, V. 2004 Inhibition of Aflatoxin Production and Growth of Aspergillus flavus by Citronella Oil, KMITL Science Journal, 49(1), 1-8.
[20] Thanaboripat, D., Nontabenjawan, K., Leesin, K., Teerapiannont, D., Sukcharoen, O. and Ruangrattanametee, V. 1997 Inhibitory Effect of Garlic, Clove and Carrot on Growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxin Production, Journal of Forestry Research, 8, 39-42.
[21] Saralamp, P., Chuakul, W., Temsiririrkkul, R. and Clayton, T. 1996 Medicinal Plants in Thailand. Vol. 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok.
[22] www.kedia.com/herbal/karela.htm
[23] www.drugfreesport.com/choices/drugs/street/tobacco.html
[24] Nunthavutthikul, S. 2000 Studies of microbial inhibition of herbal extracts. Master’s thesis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok.
[25] Charoensettasilp, S. 1999 Experimental Design. Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang. Bangkok.
[26] www.rain-tree.com/bitmelon.html
[27] Noengpa, K., Prayoonrat, P. and Chingduang, S. 2006 Efficiency of Certain Medicinal Plants to Inhibit Colletrotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium sp., https://plantpro.doae.go.th/
[28] Nanasombat, S. and Lohasupthawee, P. 2005 Antibacterial Activity of Crude Ethanolic Extracts and Essential Oils of Spices against Salmonellae and Other Enterobacteria, KMITL Science and Technology Journal 5(3), 527-538.
[29] Lawrence, B.M., Hogg, J.W., Tehune, S.T. and Podimuang, V. 1970 The Leaf and Peel Oils of Citrus hystrix DC. Bangkok, ASRCT.
[30] Zineb, S., Mohamed, L., Mohamed, F. and Khadija, F. 2004 Inhibition of Growth and Mycotoxins Formation in Moulds by Marine Algae Cystoseira tamariscifolia, African Journal of Biotechnology, 3, 71-75.
[31] Ryu, D. and Holt, D.L. 1993 Growth Inhibition of Penicillium expansum by Several Commonly Used Food Ingredients, Journal of Food Protection, 56, 862-867.
[32] Paster, N., Juven, B.J. and Harshemesh, H. 1988 Antimicrobial Activity and Inhibition of Aflatoxin B1 Formation by Olive Plant Tissue Constituents, Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 64, 293-297.
[33] Zaika, L.L. and Buchanan, R.L. 1987 Review of Compounds Affecting the Biosynthesis or Bioregulation of Aflatoxins, Journal of Food Protection, 50(8), 691-708.
[34] Zaika, L.L. 1988 Spices and Herb: Their Antimicrobial Activity and Its Determination, Journal of Food Safety, 9, 97-118.
[35] Sinha, K.K., Sinha, A.K. and Prasad, G. 1993 The Effect of Clove and Cinnamon Oils on Growth and Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus flavus, Letter in Applied Microbiology, 16, 114-117.
[36] Snyder, O.P. 1997 Antimicrobial Effects of Spices and Herbs. Hospitality Institute of Technology and Management, St Paul, Minissota.