Determination of Microcystin LR from Blue-Green Algae (Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz.) Using Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Main Article Content

Weerachai Phutdhawong*
Siwalee Rungrattanakhun
Waya Sengpracha
Napattarapong Suvannachai

Abstract

Microcystin-LR in Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz. collected from Sri Sakhett, Thailand was extracted and quantitatively analyzed using reversed-phase HPLC with UV detection at 238 nm. The HPLC analysis employed a C-18 column (4.6x125 mm., 5 micron), with methanol-water (60 : 40) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min as the mobile phase. A linear calibration curve was obtained out using five concentrations in the range from 1 to 5 ppm (r2 =0.9919). A triplicate analysis of 0.5 g of sample yielded 2.93x10-4  3.68 x 10-5 g of microcystin-LR (5.85x10-2 7.35 x 10-3 % yield). NMR spectroscopy was also used to confirm the structure of the microcystin-LR standard.


Keywords: Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz, reversed-phase HPLC, Microcystin LR, NMR spectroscopic technique


Corresponding author: E-mail: weerachai@mju.ac.th

Article Details

Section
Original Research Articles

References

[1] Dow, C.S., Swoboda, U K., 1990. Cyanotoxin. In: Whitton, B.A., Potts, M.(Eds.). The Ecology of Cyanobacteria. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherland, pp. 613-632.
[2] Kaebernick, M., Nielan, B.A., 2001. Ecological and molecular investigations of cyanotoxin production, FEMS Microbiol.Ecol., 35, 1-9.
[3] Briand, J.F., Jacket, S., Bernard, C., Humbert, J.F., 2003. Health hazards for terrestrial vertebrates from toxic cyanobacteria in surface water ecosystems, Vet. Res.,34, 361-377.
[4] Sivonen, K., Jones, G., 1999. Cyanobacteria toxins. In: Chorus, I., Bertram, J. (Eds.). Toxic Cyanobacteria in water. E and F.N. Spon, London, pp. 41-111.
[5] Kuiper-Goodman, T., Falconer, I.R., Figerald, J., 1999. Human health aspects. In: Chorus, I., Bertram, J. (Eds.), Toxic Cyanobacteria in water. E and F.N. Spon, London, pp. 113-153.
[6] Honkanen, R E., Zwiller, J., Moore, R.E., 1990. Characterization of microcystin-LR, a potent inhibitor of Type 1 and Type 2A protein phosphatases, J. Biol. Chem., 265, 19401-19404.
[7] Shen, P.P., Shi, Q., Hue, Z.C., Kong, F.X., Wang, Z.G., Zhuang, S.X., Chen, D.C., 2003. Analysis of microcystins in cyanobacteria blooms and surface water samples from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China, Environ.Int., 29, 641-647.
[8] Monica, B., Lawton, A.L., Josep, R., Josep, C., 2005. Optimization of intracellular microcystin extraction for their subsequent analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography, J. Chrom. A., 1074, 23-30.
[9] Werner, M., Bernhard, S., 2004. Analysis of microcystins in freshwater samples using high-performance liquid chromatography and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Int. J. Hyg. Health., 207, 601-605.
[10] Isabel, M.M., Rafael, M., Angeles, J, Yalanda, P., Ana, M.C., 2005. Determination of microcystins in fish by solvent extraction and liquid chromatography, J. Chrom. A., 1080, 199-203.
[11] Mar’ia, J.R., Ana, M.C., Isabel, M.M., Yalanda, P., 2005. Determination of microcystins in biological samples by matrix solid-phase dispersion and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chrom. A., 1073, 257-262.
[12] Carmela, D.A., Geoffrey, K.E., Michael A.Q., 2004. Analysis of cyanobacteria toxins by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chrom. A., 1028, 155-164.
[13] Ruangyuttikarn, W., Ivan, M, Jeeraporn, P., Yuwadee, P., Zdenek, D., 2004. Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of microcystin-LR in cyanobacteria blooms under alkaline conditions, J. Chrom. B., 800, 315-319.
[14] Lifeng, Z., Xiaofei, P, Zhaoguang, Y., 2004. Determination of microcystin-LR in surface water using high-performance liquid chromatography / tandem electrospray ionization mass detector, Talanta., 62, 193-200.
[15] John R.B., Brian D. S., Marica M. C., Charles F. B. H., 1997. A Molecular Basis for Different Interactions of Marine Toxins with Protein Phosphatase, J. Biological Chemistry., 272, 5088-5097.
[16] Okino T., Matsuda H., Murakami M., Yamaguchi K., 1993. Microginin, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor from the blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa., Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 501-504.
[17] Namikoshi M., Rinehart K L., 1996., J. Indust. Microbiol., 17, 373-384.