Determination of Microcystin LR from Blue-Green Algae (Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz.) Using Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Microcystin-LR in Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz. collected from Sri Sakhett, Thailand was extracted and quantitatively analyzed using reversed-phase HPLC with UV detection at 238 nm. The HPLC analysis employed a C-18 column (4.6x125 mm., 5 micron), with methanol-water (60 : 40) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min as the mobile phase. A linear calibration curve was obtained out using five concentrations in the range from 1 to 5 ppm (r2 =0.9919). A triplicate analysis of 0.5 g of sample yielded 2.93x10-4 3.68 x 10-5 g of microcystin-LR (5.85x10-2 7.35 x 10-3 % yield). NMR spectroscopy was also used to confirm the structure of the microcystin-LR standard.
Keywords: Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz, reversed-phase HPLC, Microcystin LR, NMR spectroscopic technique
Corresponding author: E-mail: weerachai@mju.ac.th
Article Details
Copyright Agreement Statement
The corresponding author has to submit Copyright Agreement form after the article is accepted for publication in order to warrant that this contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors.
The author(s) grant Current Applied Science and Technology a non-exclusive, irrevocable, royalty-free license to publish, reproduce, distribute, and archive the article in print and electronic form with effect if and when the article is accepted for publication. In the event that the article is withdrawn prior to acceptance or is declined, this agreement shall have no effect, and no party shall be bound by it.
The author(s) retain copyright of this article, including but not limited to the right to reproduce and distribute the article, to include it in a thesis or book, and to post it on an institutional or personal repository, provided that the original publication in Current Applied Science and Technology is properly cited.
References
[2] Kaebernick, M., Nielan, B.A., 2001. Ecological and molecular investigations of cyanotoxin production, FEMS Microbiol.Ecol., 35, 1-9.
[3] Briand, J.F., Jacket, S., Bernard, C., Humbert, J.F., 2003. Health hazards for terrestrial vertebrates from toxic cyanobacteria in surface water ecosystems, Vet. Res.,34, 361-377.
[4] Sivonen, K., Jones, G., 1999. Cyanobacteria toxins. In: Chorus, I., Bertram, J. (Eds.). Toxic Cyanobacteria in water. E and F.N. Spon, London, pp. 41-111.
[5] Kuiper-Goodman, T., Falconer, I.R., Figerald, J., 1999. Human health aspects. In: Chorus, I., Bertram, J. (Eds.), Toxic Cyanobacteria in water. E and F.N. Spon, London, pp. 113-153.
[6] Honkanen, R E., Zwiller, J., Moore, R.E., 1990. Characterization of microcystin-LR, a potent inhibitor of Type 1 and Type 2A protein phosphatases, J. Biol. Chem., 265, 19401-19404.
[7] Shen, P.P., Shi, Q., Hue, Z.C., Kong, F.X., Wang, Z.G., Zhuang, S.X., Chen, D.C., 2003. Analysis of microcystins in cyanobacteria blooms and surface water samples from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China, Environ.Int., 29, 641-647.
[8] Monica, B., Lawton, A.L., Josep, R., Josep, C., 2005. Optimization of intracellular microcystin extraction for their subsequent analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography, J. Chrom. A., 1074, 23-30.
[9] Werner, M., Bernhard, S., 2004. Analysis of microcystins in freshwater samples using high-performance liquid chromatography and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Int. J. Hyg. Health., 207, 601-605.
[10] Isabel, M.M., Rafael, M., Angeles, J, Yalanda, P., Ana, M.C., 2005. Determination of microcystins in fish by solvent extraction and liquid chromatography, J. Chrom. A., 1080, 199-203.
[11] Mar’ia, J.R., Ana, M.C., Isabel, M.M., Yalanda, P., 2005. Determination of microcystins in biological samples by matrix solid-phase dispersion and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chrom. A., 1073, 257-262.
[12] Carmela, D.A., Geoffrey, K.E., Michael A.Q., 2004. Analysis of cyanobacteria toxins by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chrom. A., 1028, 155-164.
[13] Ruangyuttikarn, W., Ivan, M, Jeeraporn, P., Yuwadee, P., Zdenek, D., 2004. Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of microcystin-LR in cyanobacteria blooms under alkaline conditions, J. Chrom. B., 800, 315-319.
[14] Lifeng, Z., Xiaofei, P, Zhaoguang, Y., 2004. Determination of microcystin-LR in surface water using high-performance liquid chromatography / tandem electrospray ionization mass detector, Talanta., 62, 193-200.
[15] John R.B., Brian D. S., Marica M. C., Charles F. B. H., 1997. A Molecular Basis for Different Interactions of Marine Toxins with Protein Phosphatase, J. Biological Chemistry., 272, 5088-5097.
[16] Okino T., Matsuda H., Murakami M., Yamaguchi K., 1993. Microginin, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor from the blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa., Tetrahedron Lett., 34, 501-504.
[17] Namikoshi M., Rinehart K L., 1996., J. Indust. Microbiol., 17, 373-384.
