Effect of Essential Oils of Fennel, Caraway and Rosemary on Greenhouse Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)

Main Article Content

H. Aroiee*
S. Mosapoor
M. Hosainy

Abstract

Traditionary extracted palm oil and palm kernel oil were obtained from Elaets guineensis (Jacquin). Both oils have been used in the South Eastern Nigeria for the treatment of various diseases and skin infections. Five microorganisms namely; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger known to cause some infections treatable with these oils were investigated. The results showed that there was no inhibition on the five microorganisms by dura and tenera varieties of Elacis guineensis when tested individually. When the mixed extracts were tested, only Escherichia coli was minimally inhibited.


Keywords: Dura, Tenera, Palm oil, Palm Kernel, Antimicrobial.


Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]

Article Details

Section
Short Communications

References

[1] Duke, A.J. 1983 Handbook of Energy Crops. Unpublished, pp. 1-5.
[2] Duke, A.J. and Wain K.K. 1981 Medicinal Plants of the World. Computer Index with more than 85,000 Entries. Vol.3.
[3] Honstra, G. 1986 Beneficial Effects of Palm oil on Arterial Thrombosis (Rat) and Atherosclerosis (Rabbit). Palm Oil Researvh Institute, Malaysia, pp. 35-45.
[4] Ekpa, O.D. and Ebana, R.U.B. 1996 Comparative Studies of Mmanyanga, Palm and Coconut Oils; Anti-microbial Effects of the Oils and their Metallic Soaps on Some Bacteria and Fungi. Grobal Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 1(2), 155-163.
[5] Gerhard, R.R., Keith, D. and Ashiri, A. 1989 In: Oil Crop of the World. Their Breeding and Utilization. Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Company, New York, pp. 27-34.
[6] Hartwell, J.L. 1971 Plants Used Against Cancer. A survey, Uoydia, pp. 30-34.
[7] Krueger, R.O., Gillham, N.W. and Coggin, J.K. (Jr.) 1973 Introduction to Microbiology. The Macmillan Company Limited, New York, pp.762-763.
[8] Brauer, A.W., Shervis, M.M. and Truck, N. 1996 Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing by a Standardized Sample Disc Method. J. of Chemical Pathology, 45, 493-496.
[9] Cloyd, R.A. 1999 Know Your Friends: Delphastus pusillus: Whitefly Predator. Midwest Biological Control News, October, p.3.
[10] Williams, G. and Pat. 1995 Oil, Soap, Surfactant, and Garlic vs. Whiteflies on Tomatoes. HortIdeas, May, pp. 55-56.
[11] Daughtrey, M. and Casey, C. 1998 In: Grossman, Joel., Ed 1996 Highlights from SAF’s pest conference. Grower Talks, April, pp. 44-46.
[12] Agnew, G.K. Frisvold, G.B. and Baker, P. 2000 Use of Inaect Growth Regulators Changing Whitefly Control Costs in Arizona Cotton. National Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program.
[13] Tripp, K. and Peet, M. 1993 New Use for CO2: Slowing Whiteflies. American Vegetable Grower, November, pp. 43-44.
[14] Duke, S.O. 1985 Biosynthesis of Phenolic Compounds-Chemical Manipulation in Higher Plants. American Chemistry Society Symposium. Ser. 268, pp. 113-131.
[15] Duke, S.O. 1986(a) Naturally Occurring Chemical Compounds as Herbicides. Review Weed Science, 2, 15-44.
[16] Duke, S.O. 1986(b) Microbial Phytotoxins as Herbicides-A Perspective. New York, Wiley. pp.287-304.
[17] Duke, S.O. and Lydon, J. 1987 Herbicides from Natural Compounds. Weed Technology, 1, 122-128.
[18] Duke, S.O., Vaughn, KC., Croom, E.M.Jr., and Elsohly, H.N. 1987 Artemisinin, A Constituent of Annual Wormwood (Artemisia annua), is a Selective Phytotoxin. Weed Science, 35, 499-505.
[19] Duke, S.O. Paul, R.N. and Lee, S.M. 1988 Terpenoids from the Genus Artemisia as Potential Pesticides. American Chemistry Society Symposium, Ser.380, pp. 318-334.
[20] Duke, S.O. 1990 Natural Pesticides from Plants. In: Janick J. and Simon J.E., Eds. Advances in New Crops. Timber Press, Portland, OR. Pp.511-517.
[21] Yang, R.Z. and Tang, C.S. 1988 Plants Used for Pest Control in China: A Literature Review. Econ. Botany, 42, 376-406.
[22] Rice, E.L 1983 Pest Control with Nature’s Chemicals. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman OK.
[23] Mandava, N.B. 1985 Handbook of Natural Pesticides: Methods, Vol. I Theory Practice and Detection. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
[24] Gill, S. 2000 Pest Control: Whitefly Control for Cut Flower Growers. The Cut Flower Quarterly, Vol.12, No.1. pp.26-30.
[25] Klocke, J.A. 1987 Natural Plant Compounds Useful in Insect Control. American Chemistry Society Symposium, Ser. 330, pp. 396-415.