Allelopathic Effect of West Java Local Black Rice Varieties on Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.) at Germination Stage
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Some colored rice varieties are able to release root exudates that contained allelochemicals which can inhibit the growth of other plant species including weeds. This capability is required if rice is to compete with weeds from the germination stage onwards. One of the dominant weeds in rice fields is barnyard grass, which can have negative effects on rice growth at every stage, particularly at the germination stage. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the response of local black rice varieties originated from West Java, Indonesia against barnyard grass at the germination stage. İn this study, four local black rice varieties that originated in three West Java districts, two from Subang (SB and SB II), one from Sukabumi (SMI) and one from Tasikmalaya (TSK), were sowed together with Echinochola cruss-gali in petri dishes with six replications. The experiment was conducted in a plant breeding and seed technology laboratory in order to observe T50, germination percentage, vigour index, shoot and root length at 7 and 14 days after sowing (DAS). The results showed that the four local black rice cultivars had allelopathic potential, as indicated by vigour traits at germination stages of barnyard grass. Besides, the presecense of barnyard grass showed an inhibitory or stimulatory effect on black rice growth in its early germination stage (7 DAS). However, the local black rice that originated from Subang (SB II) showed growth recovery and inhibitory effect towards barnyard grass at the second germination stage (14 DAS), as measured by vigour index, shoot length and inhibitory percentage. This study suggested that the ability to recover at the second stages of germination is a useful trait to be considered when conducting breeding program for the efficiency of weed management.
Keywords: allelochemical; tolerance; variation; black rice; weed
*Corresponding author: Tel.: (+62) 8812279027
E-mail: kadapi@unpad.ac.id
Article Details
Copyright Transfer Statement
The copyright of this article is transferred to Current Applied Science and Technology journal with effect if and when the article is accepted for publication. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature.
The author warrants that this contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors.
Here is the link for download: Copyright transfer form.pdf
References
FAO, 2018. Supply and Demand World Rice. [online] Available at: https://app.amis-outlook.org/#/market-database/supply-and-demand-overview
Sawe, B.E., 2019. World Atlas Top 10 Rice Consuming Countries 2019 [online] Available at: https://www.worldatlascom/articles/top-10-rice-consuming-countries.html
Kushwaha, U.K.S., 2016. Black Rice: Research, History and Development. Geneva: Springer.
Hao, J., Zhu, H., Zhang, Z., Yang, S. and Li, H., 2015. Identification of anthocyanin in black rice (Oryza sativa L.) by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS and their in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities. Journal Cereal Science, 64, 92-99.
Khoo, H.E., Azlan, A., Tang, S.T., and Lim, S.M., 2017. Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: colored pigments as food, pharmaceutical ingredients, and the potential health benefits. Food & Nutrition Research, 61(1), 1361779, https://doi.org/10.1080/16546628.2017.1361779
Kato-Noguchi, H., Nitta, K. and Itani, T., 2013. Allelopathic potential of white, red and black rice cultivars. Plant Production Science, 16, 305-308.
Xuan, T.D., Chung, I.M., Khanh, T.D. and Tawata, S., 2006. Identification of phytotoxic substances from early growth of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) root exudates. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 32, 895-906.
Kropff, M.J. and Walter, H., 2000. EWRS and the challenges for weed research at the start of a new millennium. Weed Research, 40, 7-10.
Nicolopoulou-Stamati, P., Maipas, S., Kotampasi, C., Stamatis, P. and Hens, L., 2016. Chemical pesticides and human health: The urgent need for a new concept in agriculture. Frontiers in public health, 4, 148, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00148
Lushchak, V.I., Matviishyn, T.M., Husak, V.V., Storey, J.M. and Storey, K.B., 2018. Pesticide toxicity. A mechanistic approach. Experimental and Clinical Science Journal, 17, 1101-1136.
Chung, I.M., Kim, J.T. and Kim, SH., 2006. Evaluation of allelopathic potential and quantification of momilactone A, B from rice hull extracts and assessment of inhibitory bioactivity on paddy field weeds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54, 2527-2536.
Kong, C.H., Xuan, T.D., Khanh, T.D., Tran, H.D., and Trung, N.T., 2019. Allelochemicals and signaling chemicals in plants. Molecules, 24, 2737, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules 24152737
Khanh, T.D., Cong, L.C., Chung, I.M., Xuan, T.D. and Tawata, S., 2008. Variation of weed-suppressing potential of Vietnamese rice cultivars against barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in laboratory, greenhouse and field screenings. Journal of Plant Interactions, 4, 209-218.
Li, Y., Xu, L., Letuma, P. and Lin, W., 2020. Metabolite profiling of rhizosphere soil of different allelopathic potential rice accessions. BMC Plant Biology, 20, 265, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-020-02465-6.
Olofsdotter, M., Jensen, L.B. and Courtois, B., 2002. Improving crop competitive ability using allelopathy -An example from rice. Plant Breeding, 121, 1-9.
Duke, S.O., Scheffler, B.E., Dayan, F.E., Weston, L.A. and Ota, E., 2001. Strategies for using transgenes to produce allelopathic crops. Weed Technology, 15, 826-834.
Gealy, D.R., Estorninos, L.E., Gbur, E.E. and Chavez, C.R.S., 2005. Interference interactions of two rice cultivars and their F3 cross with barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in a replacement series study. Weed Science, 53, 323-330.
Olofsdotter, M., 2001. Getting closer to breeding for competitive ability and the role of allelopathy—an example from rice (Oryza sativa). Weed Technology, 15, 798-806.
Khang, D.T., Anh, L.H., Thu, H.P.T., Tuyen, P.T., Quan, N.V., Minh, L.T., Quan, N.T., Minh, T.N., Xuan, T.D., Khanh, T.D and Trung, K.H., 2016. Allelopathic activity of dehulled rice and its allelochemicals on weed germination. International Letters of Natural Sciences, 58, 1-10.
Kato-Noguchi, H., 2011. Barnyard grass-induced rice allelopathy and momilactone B. Journal of Plant Physiology, 168, 1016-1020.
Kim, S.Y., Madrid, A.V., Park, S.T., Yang, S.J. and Olofsdotter, M., 2005 Evaluation of rice allelopathy in hydroponics. Weed Research, 45, 74-79.
Rao, A.N., Johnson, D.E., Sivaprasad, B., Ladha, J.K. and Mortimer, A.M. 2007. Weed management in direct-seeded rice. Advances in Agronomy, 93, 153-255.
Heidarzade, A., Esmaeili, M. and Pirdashti. H., 2012. Common allelochemicals in root exudates of Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) and inhibitory potential against rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Science, 3, 11-17.
Gealy, D.R., Rohila, J.S. and Boykin, D.L., 2019. Genetic potential of rice under alternate-wetting-and-drying irrigation management for barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) suppression and grain yield production. Weed Science, 67, 453-462.
Seal, A.N., Pratley, J.E. and Haig, T.J., 2005. Evaluation of rice varieties for allelopathic effects on Australian rice weeds-linking laboratory to field. Proceedingsof 4th World Congress on Allelopathy, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia, 21-26 August 2005,164-167.
Wu, H., Pratley, J. and Lemerle, D., 2001. Screening methods for the evaluation of crop allelopathic potential. The Botanical Review, 67, 403-415.
Olofsdotter, M., Navarez, D., Rebulanan, M. and Streibig, J.C., 1999. Weed-suppressing rice cultivars - Does allelopathy play a role? Weed Research, 39, 441-474.
Berendji, S., Asghari, J. and Matin, A.A., 2008. Allelopathic potential of rice (Oryza sativa) varieties on seedling growth of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli). Journal of Plant Interactions, 3, 175-180.
Ventura, L., Dona, M., Macovei, A., Carbonera, D., Buttafava, A. and Mondoni, A., 2012. Understanding the molecular pathways associated with seed vigour. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 60, 196-206.
Munamava, M.R., Goggi, A.S. and Pollak, L., 2004. Seed quality of maize inbred lines with different composition and genetic backgrounds. Crop Science, 44, 542-548.
Goggi, A.S., Caragea, P., Pollak, L., McAndrews, G., DeVries, M. and Montgomery, K., 2008. Seed quality assurance in maize breeding programs: Tests to explain variations in maize inbreds and populations. Agronomy Journal, 100(2), 337-343.
Helena, E., 2019. Evaluasi Vigor Benih Padi Hitam (Oryza sativa L.) Lokal Jawa Barat Pada Beberapa Taraf Konsentrasi Eksudat Akar Gulma Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. BSc. Universitas Padjadjaran. (Indonesian)
Ma, Y., Zhang, M., Li, Y., Shui, J. and Zhou, Y., 2014. Allelopathy of rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots exudates and its relations with Orobanche cumana Wallr. and Orobanche minor Sm. germination, Journal of Plant Interactions, 9, 722-730
International Seed Testing Association, 1999. International rules for seed testing. Rules 1999. Seed Science and Technology, 27 (Suppl.), 1-288.
Khanh, T.D., Cong, L.C., Chung, I.M., Xuan, T.D. and Tawata, S., 2009. Variation of weed-suppressing potential of Vietnamese rice cultivars against barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in laboratory, greenhouse and field screenings. Journal of Plant Interactions, 4, 209-218.
Coolbear, P., Francis, A. and Grierson, D., 1984. The effect of low temperature pre-sowing treatment under the germination performance and membrane integrity of artificially aged tomato seeds. Journal of Experimental Botany, 35, 1609-1617.
Farooq, M., Basra, S.M., Ahmad, N. and Hafeez, K., 2005. Thermal hardening: A new seed vigour enhancement tool in rice. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 47, 187-193.
Abdul-Baki, A.A. and Anderson, J.D., 1973. Vigour determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Science, 13, 630-633.
Muhamad, K., Ebana, K., Fukuoka, S. and Okuno, K., 2015. Diversity and differentiation of Oryza sativa and O. rufipogon in Indonesia. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 64, 41-54.
Usman, P., B.S., Syukur, M. and Guntoro, D., 2016. Toleransi Galur Harapan Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.) pada Persaingan dengan Gulma Echinochloa crus-galli. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia, 44, 111-118. (in Indonesian)
Khanh, T.D., Xuan, T.D. and Chung, I.M., 2007. Rice allelopathy and the possibility for weed management, Annals of Applied Biology, 151, 325-339.
Kong, C.H., Chen, X.H., Hu, F. and Zhang, S.Z., 2011. Breeding of commercially acceptable allelopathic rice cultivars in China. Pest Management Science, 67(9), 1100-1106.
Ahn, J.K. and Chung, I.M., 2000. Allelopathic potential of rice hulls on germination and seedling growth of barnyardgrass. Agronomy Journal, 92(6), 1162-1167.
Zhang, T., Fan, B. and Wang, P., 2018. Barnyardgrass root recognition behaviour for rice allelopathy. Agronomy, 8(4), 39, https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8040039
Kim, K.-U. and Shin, D.-H., 2008. Progress and prospect of rice allelopathy research. In: R.S. Zeng, A.U. Mallik and S.M. Luo, eds. Allelopathy in Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry. New York: Springer, pp. 189-213.