Bio-Dimethyl Ether from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Sustainability Assessment of Bio-Dimethyl Ether: A Case Study in Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Biomass from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) has the potential to be used as feedstock for bio-Dimethyl Ether (bio-DME) production through the gasification process. Bio-DME has the potential to replace liquified petroleum gas (LPG) and biodiesel as it has similar characteristics to both fuels. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate previous research on the OPEFB-based bio-DME and its sustainability, to identify existing gaps in the research and to formulate directions for valuable future research. The results showed that pertinent performances with simulation and technical analyses should be conducted with different process configurations and under different scenarios. Based on this review, a number of further topics should still be investigated, including the economic feasibility of OPEFB conversion into bio-DME at different locations and plant capacities; the simulation of OPEFB bio-DME plant using an indirect synthesis method and technical analysis of pilot plant; and the sustainability of OPEFB-based bio-DME in Indonesia on islands with a large concentration of oil palm plantations
Keywords: assessment; biomass; bio-DME; OPEFB; sustainability
*Corresponding author: Tel.: (+62) 877 75320179
E-mail: rudy.heryadi@breny.my.id
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright Transfer Statement
The copyright of this article is transferred to Current Applied Science and Technology journal with effect if and when the article is accepted for publication. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature.
The author warrants that this contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors.
Here is the link for download: Copyright transfer form.pdf
References
Ionel, I. and Cioablǎ, A.E., 2010. Biogas production based on agricultural residues. From history to results and perspectives. WSEAS Transaction on Environment and Development, 6(8), 591-603.
Faaij, A., 2006. Modern biomass conversion technologies. Mitigation and Adaption Strategy for Global Change, 11, 343-375.
Inayat, A., Ghenai, C., Naqvi, M., Ammar, M., Ayoub, M. and Hussin, M.N.B, 2017. Parametric study for production of dimethyl ether (DME) as a fuel from palm wastes. Energy Procedia, 105, 1242-1249.
You, S., Tong, H., Armin-Hoiland, Tong, Y.W. and Wang, C.H., 2017. Techno-economic and greenhouse gas savings assessment of decentralized biomass gasification for electrifying the rural areas of Indonesia. Applied Energy, 208, 495-510.
Siregar, K., Tambunan, A.H., Irwanto, A.K., Wirawan, S.S. and Araki, T., 2015. A comparison of life cycle assessment on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and physic nut (Jatropha curcas Linn.) as feedstock for biodiesel production in Indonesia. Energy Procedia, 65, 170-179.
Maitah, M., Prochazka, P., Pachmann, A., Šrédl, K. and Řezbová, H., 2016. Economics of palm oil empty fruit bunches bio briquettes in Indonesia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 6(1), 35-38.
Direktur Jenderal EBTKE, 2020. Dampak Covid-19 Pada Pengembangan Energi Terbarukan Di Indonesia [The Impact of Covid-19 on Renewable Energy Development in Indonesia] [online] Available at: http://iesr.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Bahan-Vidcon-DJEBTKE-dengan-IESR-21-April-2020dek.pdf.
Kresnawaty, I., Putra, S.M., Budiani, A. and Darmono, T., 2018. Converting empty palm oil bunches (Tkks) into bio charcoal and liquid smoke. Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian, 14, 171-179. [In Indonesian].
Andayani, S and Hayat, E.S., 2019. Enrichment of oil palm empty bunch compost with sea mud and rice husk biochar on rice plants in acid sulphate soil. Jurnal Agritech, 21, 44-54. [In Indonesian].
Martinez, D., Acevedo, P. and Kafarov, V., 2010. Life cycle assessment for joint production of biodiesel and bioethanol from African palm. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 21, 1309-1314.
Echaroj, S. and Pannucharoenwong, N., 2019. Bioethanol production through enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of mechanically milled empty palm bunch. 2018 IEEE 5th International Conference of Engineering Technology and Applied Science, Bangkok, Thailand, November 22-23, 2018, pp.1-4.
Lim, M.H.J., 2010. A case study on palm empty fruit bunch as energy feedstock. SEGi Review, 3(2), 3-15.
Molino, A., Larocca, V., Chianese, S. and Musmarra, D., 2018. Biofuels production by biomass gasification: a review. Energies, 11(4), 811, https://doi.org/10.3390/en11040811.
Oda, Y., Osafune, S., Ueda, H. and Fujimura, K., 2004. Clean Combustion Technology in Diesel Engines Operated with Dimethyl Ether. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. Technical Review, 40(6), 1-5.
Semelsberger, T.A., Borup, R.L. and Greene, H.L., 2006. Dimethyl ether (DME) as an alternative fuel. Journal of Power Sources, 156(2), 497-511.
McFarlan, A., 2018. Techno-economic assessment of pathways for electricity generation in Northern remote communities in Canada using methanol and dimethyl ether to replace diesel. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 90(C), 863-876.
Marchionna, M., Patrini, R., Sanfilippo, D. and Migliavacca, G., 2008. Fundamental investigations on di-methyl ether (DME) as LPG substitute or make-up for domestic uses. Fuel Processing Technology, 89, 1255-1261.
Anggarani, R., Wibowo, C.S. and Rulianto, D., 2014. Application of dimethyl ether as LPG substitution for household stove. Energy Procedia, 47, 227-234.
Anggarani, R., Maymuchar, Wibowo, C.S. and Sukaraharja, R., 2015. Performance and emission characteristics of dimethyl ether (DME) mixed liquefied gas for vehicle (LGV) as alternative fuel for spark ignition engine. Energy Procedia, 65, 274-281.
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Republic Indonesia, 2016. Handbook of Energy and Economic Statistics of Indonesia 2016. Jakarta: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Republic Indonesia.
PPIPE and BPPT, 2019. Outlook Energi Indonesia 2019. The Impact of Increased Utilization of New and Renewable Energy on the National Economy. Jakarta: PPIPE and BPPT.
Himabindu, M. and Ravikrishna, R.V., 2010. Potential of Bio-DME as a transportation fuel for India. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3489529.
Parvez, A.M., Wu, T., Li, S., Miles, N. and Mujtaba, I.M., 2018. Bio-DME production based on conventional and CO2-enhanced gasification of biomass: A comparative study on energy and environmental impacts. Biomass and Bioenergy, 110, 105-113.
Silalertruksa, T., Gheewala, S.H., Sagisaka, M. and Yamaguchi, K. 2013. Life cycle GHG analysis of rice straw Bio-DME production and application in Thailand. Applied Energy, 112(C), 560-567.
Khatiwada, D., Seabra, J., Silveira, S. and Walter, A., 2012. Accounting greenhouse gas emissions in the lifecycle of Brazilian sugarcane bioethanol: Methodological references in European and American regulations. Energy Policy, 47(C), 384-397.
Koponen, K., Soimakallio, S., Tsupari, E., Thun, R. and Antikainen, R., 2013. GHG emission performance of various liquid transportation biofuels in Finland in accordance with the EU sustainability criteria. Applied Energy, 102, 440-448.
United States Environmental Protection Association, 2020. The Renewable Fuel Annual Standard. [online] Available at: https://www.epa.gov/renewable-fuel-standard-program/renewable-fuel-annual-standards.
Park, S.H. and Lee, C.S., 2014. Applicability of dimethyl ether (DME) in a compression ignition engine as an alternative fuel. Energy Conversion Management, 86, 848-863.
Muliahati A., Karamah, E.F. and Kaifiah, I., 2018. Study of domestic coal-based dimethyl ether (DME) utilization to reduce LPG import. E3S Web Conferences, 67, https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186701005.
Wang, Y., Liu, H., Huang, Z. and Liu, Z., 2016. Study on combustion and emission of a dimethyl ether-diesel dual-fuel premixed charge compression ignition combustion engine with LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) as ignition inhibitor. Energy, 96(C), 278-285.
Yoo, Y.D., Lee, S.J. and Yun, Y., 2007. Synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas obtained by coal gasification. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 24(2), 350-353.
Romano, L., Ruggeri, F. and Marx, R., 2014. SNG production from coal: a possible solution to energy demand. Energy Procedia, 45, 1330-1336.
Andersson, J. and Lundgren, J., 2014. Techno-economic analysis of ammonia production via integrated biomass gasification. Applied Energy, 130, 484-490.
Heryadi, R., Uyun, A.S., Yandri, E., Nur, S.M. and Abdullah, K., 2019. Biomass to methanol plant based on gasification of palm empty fruit bunch. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environment Science, 293, https://doi.org/ 10.1088/1755-1315/293/1/012036.
Heryadi, R. and Nur, S.M., 2021. Techno economic analysis of biomass to methanol plant based on gasification of palm empty fruit bunch. E3S Web of Conferences, 226, https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122600040.
Clausen, L.R., Elmegaard, B. and Houbak, N., 2010. Technoeconomic analysis of a low CO2 emission dimethyl ether (DME) plant based on gasification of torrefied biomass. Energy, 35, 4831-4842.
Azizi, Z., Rezaeimanesh, M., Tohidian, T. and Rahimpour, M.R., 2014. Dimethyl ether: A review of technologies and production challenges. Chemical Engineering and Processing, 82, 150-172.
Ma, X., Ge, Q., Ma, J. and Xu, H., 2013. Synthesis of LPG via DME from syngas in two-stage reaction system. Fuel Processing Technology, 109, 1-6.
Heryadi, R., Uyun, A. S., Yandri, E., Nur, S.M. and Abdullah, K., 2018. Palm empty fruit bunch gasification simulation in circulating fluidized bed gasifier. E3S Web of Conferences, 67, https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186702043.
Chen, W.H., Hsu, C.L. and Wang, X.D., 2016. Thermodynamic approach and comparison of two-step and single step DME (dimethyl ether) syntheses with carbon dioxide utilization. Energy, 109(C), 326-340.
Heryadi, R., Uyun, A.S., Yandri, E., Nur, S.M. and Abdullah, K., 2019. Single stage dimethyl ether plant model based on gasification of palm empty fruit bunch. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 532(1), http://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/532/1/012009.
Aziz, M., Prawisudha, P., Prabowo, B. and Arief, B., 2015. Integration of energy-efficient empty fruit bunch drying with gasification/combined cycle systems. Applied Energy, 139(C), 188-195.
Lahijani, P., Najafpour, G.D., Alimuddin, Z. and Mohammadi, M., 2011. Air gasification of palm empty fruit bunch in a fluidized bed gasifier using various bed materials. World Renewable Energy Congress, Linkoping, Sweden, May 8-13, 2011, pp. 2502-2510.
Tapasvi, D., Kempegowda, R.S., Tran, K.Q., Skreiberg, Ø. and Grønli, M., 2015. A simulation study on the torrefied biomass gasification. Energy Conversion Management, 90, 446-457.
Eikeland, M.S., Thapa, R.K. and Halvorsen, B.M., 2015. Aspen plus simulation of biomass gasification with known reaction kinetic. Proceedings of the 56th SIMS, Linkoping, Sweden, October 7-9, 2015, pp. 149-156.
Ogi, T., Nakanishi, M. and Fukuda, Y., 2011. Gasification of empty fruit bunch and bagasse using an entrained-flow mode reactor. Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, 90, 886-894.
Nyakuma, B.B., Ahmad, A., Johari, A., Abdullah, T.A.T., Oladukun, O. and Alkali, H., 2016. Gasification of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) briquettes for bio-syngas production. Jurnal Teknologi, 78, 83-88.
Clausen, L.R., Houbak, N. and Elmegaard, B., 2010. Technoeconomic analysis of a methanol plant based on gasification of biomass and electrolysis of water. Energy, 35(5), 2338-2347.
Basu, P., 2010. Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis. New York: Elsevier.
Siedlecki, M., Jong, W.D. and Verkooijen, A.H.M., 2011. Fluidized bed gasification as a mature and reliable technology for the production of bio-syngas and applied in the production of liquid transportation fuels-a review. Energies, 4(3), 389-434.
Hansson. J. and Leveau, A., 2011. Biomass gasifier database for computer simulation purpose. [online] Available at: http://www.sgc.se/ckfinder/userfiles/files/SGC234.pdf.
Gnanendra, P.M. and Rajan, N.K.S., 2015. Experimental study on performance of downdraft gasifier reactor under varied ratios of secondary and primary air flows. Energy Procedia, 90, 38-49.
Fracaro, G.P.M., Souza, S.N.M., Medeiros, M. and Formentini, D.F., 2011. Economic feasibility of biomass gasification for small-scale electricity generation in Brazil. World Renewable Energy Congress, Linkoping, Sweden, May 8-13, 2011, pp. 295-302.
Ohno, Y., Yagi, H., Inoue, N., Okuyama, K. and Aoki, S., 2007. Slurry phase DME direct synthesis technology -100 tons/day demonstration plant operation and scale up study. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 167, 403-408.
Parbowo, H.S., Ardy, A. and Susanto, H., 2019. Techno-economic analysis of dimethyl ether production using oil palm empty fruit bunches as feedstock - A case study for Riau. IOP Conference Series: Material Science and Engineering, 543, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/543/1/012060.
Lecksiwilai, N., Gheewala, S.H., Sagisaka, M. and Yamaguchi, K., 2016. Net energy ratio and life cycle greenhouse gases (GHG) assessment of bio-dimethyl ether (DME) produced from various agricultural residues in Thailand. Journal of Cleaner Production, 134, 523-531.
Higo, M. and Dowaki, K., 2010. A life cycle analysis on a Bio-DME production system considering the species of biomass feedstock in Japan and Papua New Guinea. Applied Energy, 87, 58-67.
Wang, T., Li, Y., Ma, L. and Wu, C., 2011. Biomass to dimethyl ether by gasification/synthesis technology-an alternative biofuel production route. Frontiers in Energy, 5, 330-339.
Pertamina, 2021. From Biodiesel, DME to Carbon Capture, Pertamina Realizes a Sustainable Green Economy. [online] Available at: https://www.pertamina.com/en/news-room/news-release/from-biodiesel-dme-to-carbon-capture-pertamina-realizes-a-sustainable-green-economy.