Avian Assemblage During the Development of Rice in Organic and Inorganic Rice Paddies and Its Relation to Insect Pests
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Birds play a vital role in rice cultivation as organisms that help maintain the ecological balance and help eliminate pests very effectively. However, various pests at each phase of rice growth, and the use of pesticides may cause differences in the bird species found in rice paddy. The objective of this research was to explore the species of birds found in organic rice paddy and inorganic rice paddy, and during each phase of rice growth, in Doi Kaew Subdistrict, Chom Thong District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. The bird data was collected between April and November 2018. Insects were also collected during each growth phase of rice to investigate the relationship with the number of birds found. There were 65 species found in the survey. Most of the birds were insectivores and belonged to Order Passeriformes. Birds found in the planted area were more similar to the organic rice paddy than the inorganic rice paddy. The values of Shannon Wienner's diversity index (H'), Simpson's index (λ), and Margalef's index (D) of the planted area were at the highest level, followed by the inorganic rice paddy and organic rice paddy, respectively. Birds discovered in both paddies were statistically different (p<0.05), and the bird found during each phase of rice growth were statistically different (p<0.05). Even so, the birds that presented in each habitat were more similar to each other than other habitat types. The correlation between insectivorous birds and insect pests was positive in both rice paddy types, indicating that if there were more insect pests, there would be more birds as well.
Keywords: bird diversity; rice cultivation; rice growth phase; pests; insectivorous birds
*Corresponding author: Tel.: (+66)53885626 Fax.: (+66)53885626
E-mail: nattida_sup@cmru.ac.th
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright Transfer Statement
The copyright of this article is transferred to Current Applied Science and Technology journal with effect if and when the article is accepted for publication. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature.
The author warrants that this contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors.
Here is the link for download: Copyright transfer form.pdf
References
Barbaro, L., Rusch, A., Muiruri, E.W., Gravellier, B., Thiery, D. and Castagneyrol, B., 2017. Avian pest control in vineyards is driven by interactions between bird functional diversity and landscape heterogeneity. Journal of Applied Ecology, 54, 500-508.
Whelan, C.J., Şekercioǧlu, Ҫ.H. and Wenny, D.G., 2015. Why birds matter: from economic ornithology to ecosystem services. Journal of Ornithology, 156, 227-238.
Fox, A.D. and Abraham, K.F., 2017. Why geese benefit from the transition from natural vegetation to agriculture. Ambio, 46, 188-197.
Elser, J.L., Lindell, C.A., Steensma, K.M.M., Curtis, P.D., Leigh, D.K., Siemer, W.F., Boulanger, J.R. and Shwiff, S.A., 2019. Measuring bird damage to three fruit crops: A comparison of grower and field estimates. Crop Protection, 123, 1-4.
Pernollet, C.A., Simpson, D., Gauthier-Clerc, M. and Guillemain, M., 2015. Rice and duck, a good combination? Identifying the incentives and triggers for joint rice farming and wild duck conservation. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 214, 118-132.
Ciach, M. and Frӧhlich, A., 2017. Habitat type, food resources, noise and light pollution explain the species composition, abundance and stability of a winter bird assemblage in an urban environment. Urban Ecosystems, 20, 547-559.
Adekola, O.E., Odewumi, O.S. and Agbelusi, E.A., 2019. Avian pests of cereal crops in rainforest and savanna agro-ecological zones, Ondo State, Nigeria. Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, 11(1), 11-23.
Rizo-Patrón V.F., Kumar, A., Colton, M.B.M., Springer, M. and Trama, F.A., 2013. Macroinvertebrate communities as bioindicators of water quality in conventional and organic irrigated rice fields in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Ecological Indicators, 29, 68-78.
Hiron, M., Berg, Å., Eggers, S., Berggren, Å., Josefsson, J. and Pärt, T., 2015. The relationship of bird diversity to crop and non-crop heterogeneity in agricultural landscapes. Landscape Ecology, 30, 2001-2013.
Toffoli, R. and Rughetti, M., 2017. Bat activity in rice paddies: Organic and conventional farms compared to unmanaged habitat. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 249, 123-129.
Sankoh, A.I., Whittle, R., Semple, K.T., Jones, K.C. and Sweetman, A.J., 2016. An assessment of the impacts of pesticide use on the environment and health of rice farmers in Sierra Leone. Environment International, 94, 458-466.
Supahan, N., Kunpradid, T., Joradol, A. and Leelahakriengkrai, P., 2017. Diversity of some organisms in Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Mae Rim Campus, Chiang Mai Province. Science and Technology RMUTT Journal, 7(2), 1-14.
Lekagul, B. and Round, P.D., 2005. A Guide to the Birds of Thailand. Bangkok: Saha Karn Bhaet Group.
Treesucon, U. and Limparungpatthanakij, W., 2018. Birds of Thailand: Lynx and BirdLife International Field Guides. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions.
Casey, J.M., Wilson, M.E., Hollingshead, N. and Haskell, D.G., 2009. The effects of exurbanization on bird and macroinvertebrate communities in deciduous forests on the Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee. International Journal of Ecology, 2009, 1-10.
McCafferty, P., 1989. Aquatic Entomology. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers Inc.
Ratanabhumma, S., 2002. Classification of Insect Orders. Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chaing Mai University. Chiang Mai: Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University.
Suwanphak, K., 2016. Thailand Insect Guide. Bangkok: Sarakhadi.
Azman, N.M., Latip, N.S.A., Sah, S.A.M., Akil, M.A.M.M., Shafie, N.J. and Khairuddin, N.L., 2011. Avian diversity and feeding guilds in a secondary forest, an oil palm plantation and a paddy field in riparian areas of the Kerian river basin, Perak, Malaysia. Tropical Life Sciences Research, 22(2), 45-64.
Rebbah, A.C., Menaa, M., Telailia, S., Saheb, M. and Maazi, M.C., 2019. Effect of habitat types on breeding bird assemblages in the Sidi Reghis Forests (Oum El Bouaghi, North-Eastern Algeria). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 51(2), 433-447.
Morante-Filho, J.C., Faria, D., Mariano-Neto, E. and Rhodes, J., 2015. Birds in anthropogenic landscapes: the responses of ecological groups to forest loss in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Plos One, 10, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128923.
Begun, T., Teacă, A. and Gomoiu, M., 2010. State of macrobenthos within Modiolus phaseolinus biocoenosis from Romanian Black Sea continental shelf. GeoEcoMarina, 16, 5-18.
Pettingill, O.S., 1950. A Laboratory and Field Manual of Ornithology. 4th ed. Minneapolis: Burgess.
Güitrón-López, M.M., Huerta-Martinez, F.M., Báez-Montes, O., Estrada-Sillas, Y.F. and Chapa-Vargas, L., 2018. Temporal and spatial variation of waterbirds at Sayula Lagoon, Jalisco, Mexico: a five-year winter season study. Arxius de Miscel·lània Zoològica, 16, 135-150.
Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F.G., Friendly, M., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., McGlinn, D., Minchin, P.R., O'Hara, R.B., Simpson, G.L., Solymos, P., Stevens, M.H.H., Szoecs, E. and Wagner, H., 2019. Vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.5-6. [online] Available at: https://CRAN.Rproject.org/package=vegan.
R Core Team, 2020. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. [online] Available at: https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/oxygen-consuming-substances-in-rivers/r-development-core-team-2006.
Fontana, C.S., Chiarani, E., Menezes, L.S., Andretti, C.B. and Overbeck, G.E., 2018. Bird surveys in grasslands: do different count methods present distinct results? Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 26(2), 116-122.
Kajtoch, Ł., 2017. The importance of traditional orchards for breeding birds: The preliminary study on Central European example. Acta Oecologica, 78, 53-60.
Goded, S., Ekroos, J., Domίnguez, J., Guitián, J.A. and Smith, H.G., 2018. Effects of organic farming on bird diversity in North-West Spain. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 257, 60-67.
Nam, H-K., Choi, Y-S., Choi, S-H. and Yoo, J-C., 2015. Distribution of waterbirds in rice fields and their use of foraging habitats. Waterbirds, 38(2), 173-183.
Grass, I., Lehmann, K., Thies, C. and Tscharntke, T., 2017. Insectivorous birds disrupt biological control of cereal aphids. Ecology, 98(6), 1583-1590.
Khobkhet, O., 1998. Birds in Thailand Book 1. Bangkok: Sarakadee Press.
Amira, N., Rinalfi, T. and Azhar, B., 2018. Effects of intensive rice production practices on avian biodiversity in Southeast Asian managed wetlands. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 26(5), 865-877.
Katayama, N., Osawa, T., Amano, T. and Kusumoto, Y., 2015. Are both agricultural intensification and farmland abandonment threats to biodiversity? A test with bird communities in paddy-dominated landscapes. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 214, 21-30.
Kenneth, B.H.E., Innes, J.L. and Kozak, A., 2003. Effects of census duration on estimates of winter bird abundance and species richness along line transects in coastal coniferous forest fragments. Journal of Field Ornithology, 74(2), 119-124.
Nam, H-K., Kim, M-H., Kwon, S-I., Eo, J. and Song, Y-J., 2018. Factors influencing population dynamics of herons in rice paddy at different time scales. Journal of Wetlands Research, 20(3), 256-262.
Mohd-Taib, F.S. and Kamaruddin, H.A., 2018. The rice-growing cycle influences diversity and species assemblages of birds in the paddy field ecosystem in east Peninsular Malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 41(4), 1669-1683.
Dinesh, G.K., Ramesh, P.T., Chitra, N. and Sugumaran, M.P., 2018. Ecology of birds and insects in organic and conventional (in-organic) rice ecosystem. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(4), 1769-1779.
Indika, J. and Mahaulpatha, D.W.A., 2015. Patterns of seasonal abundance and diversity in the waterbird community of Anavilundawa Sanctuary. Wildlanka, 3(1), 31-37.
Nam, H-K., Kim, M., Choi, G., Jang, D., Choi, S-H., Cho, K-J., Choe, L-J., Na, Y-E. and Kim, M-H., 2016. Influence of pesticide use on distribution of waterbirds in rice fields at mid-western part of South Korea. Environmental Biology Research, 34(4), 361-364.
Rodenburg, J., Demont, M., Sow, A. and Dieng, I., 2014. Bird, weed and interaction effects on yield of irrigated lowland rice. Crop Protection, 66, 46-52.
Lindell, C., Eaton, R.A., Howard, P.H., Roles, S.M. and Shave, M.E., 2018. Enhancing agricultural landscapes to increase crop pest reduction by vertebrates. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 257, 1-11.
Furihata, S., Kasai, A., Hidaka, K., Ikegami, M., Ohnishi, H. and Goka, K., 2019. Ecological risks of insecticide contamination in water and sediment around off-farm irrigated rice paddy fields. Environmental Pollution, 251, 628-638.
Khatiwada, J.R., Ghimire, S., Khatiwada, S.P., Paudel, B., Bischof, R., Jiang, J. and Haugaasen, T., 2016. Frogs as potential biological control agents in the rice fields of Chitwan, Nepal. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 230, 307-314.
Ramli@Yusof, N.H., Yusup, S., Kueh, B.W.B., Kamarulzaman, P.S.D., Osman, N., Rahim, M.A., Aziz, R., Mokhtar, S. and Ahmad, A.B., 2018. Effectiveness of biopesticides in enhancing paddy growth for yield improvement. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 7, 1-8.