Hematology, Blood Serum, Growth Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Slow-growing Chickens Fed Single and Blended Root Meals
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Toxins and substances with anti-nutritional potential have impeded the successful integration of root and tuber crops into animal diets. However, the ultimate indices of the physiological state of a farm animal are the growth performance and blood profiles. Hence, single and mixed formulations of Dioscorea hispida and Cyrtosperma merkusii root meals were used to assess chicken performance and hematological reactions. Two hundred and forty Bisaya chickens were fed with maize and root meals. Each set of treatments had 60 chickens, with three replicates of 20. The diets were: T1 (100% corn-based), T2 (50% D. hispida diet), T3 (50% C. merkusii diet), and T4 (25% D. hispida+25% C. merkusii diet). Feed intake, body weight, and mean weight gain (MWG) were collected biweekly, and carcass evaluation was done on harvesting. Hematological indices and serum profiles were tested. The T1 and T4 diets produced the most significant body weight and MWG, followed by T2 and T3. An improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) for T1 and T4 were significantly different from T2 and T3. The T4 specific growth rate (SGR) was similar to T1 and T2 but greater than T3. The T1 diet gave the most significant slaughter weight and dress weight, carcass components, and edible offal, followed by T4. The T4 diet raised PCV, RBC, Hb, cholesterol, and triglycerides more than T2, and T3, but no significant difference was found between T4 and T1. All solo root meal substitutes (T2 and T3) negatively impacted chicken performance; however, the 25% D. hispida+25% C. merkusii mix (T4) enhanced growth performance, most carcass features, and the blood profiles of slow-growing chickens when compared to a corn-based diet (T1).
Keywords: alternative energy source; Cyrtosperma merkusii; Dioscoreae hispida; intensive system; isocaloric; isonitrogenous; native chicken
*Corresponding author: Tel.: (+63) 9486433776
E-mail: ermataer@gmail.com
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright Transfer Statement
The copyright of this article is transferred to Current Applied Science and Technology journal with effect if and when the article is accepted for publication. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature.
The author warrants that this contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors.
Here is the link for download: Copyright transfer form.pdf
References
Buenavista, D.P., Dinopol. N.M.A., Mollee, E. and McDonald, M., 2021. From poison to food: On the molecular identity and indigenous peoples' utilization of poisonous "Lab-o" (Wild Yam, Dioscoreaceae) in Bukidnon, Philippines. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 7(1), DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2020.1870306.
Kang, Y., Łuczaj, Ł.J. and Ye, S., 2012. The highly toxic Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux is a root vegetable in the Qinling Mountains (Shaanxi, China). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 59(7), 1569-1575, DOI: 10.1007/s10722-012-9853-3.
Hayward, P. and Kuwahara, S., 2013. Cycads, sustenance, and cultural landscapes in the Amami islands. In: K. Kawai, R. Terada and S. Kuwahara, eds. The Islands of Kagoshima. Kagoshima: Kagoshima University Research Center for the Pacific Islands, pp. 29-37.
Kresnadipayana, D. and Waty, H.I., 2019. The concentration of NaCl soaking decreases cyanide levels in Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst). Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium, 8(1), 36-40, DOI: 10.29238/teknolabjournal.v8i1.156.
Ugwuanyi, C.A., Asogwa, I.S. and Ani, J.C., 2020. The effect of boiling and soaking time on the chemical and functional properties of wild bitter yam. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 5(4), 63-68.
Diarra, S.S., Igwebuike, J.U., Kwari, I.D., Sinodo, S., Babangida, A., Ahmadu, U., Shettima, S. and Jibrin, M., 2012. Evaluation of yam-sweet potato peel mixture as a source of energy in broiler chicken diets. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 7(7), 497-502.
Feijó, J.D.C., Cruz, F.G.G., Melo, R.D., Rufino, J.P.F., Damasceno, J.L., Costa, A.P.G.C. and Negreiros, T.D.J.N., 2016. Yam flour (Dioscorea trifida L.) on performance, egg quality, and serum biochemistry of light commercial laying hens. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 17(3), 413-423, DOI: 10.1590/S1519-99402016000300008.
Amaza, I.B., Maidala, A. and Isidahomen, C.E., 2020. Hematological and serum biochemical indices of growing rabbits fed graded levels of Yam peel meal as a replacement for maize. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 47(4), 167-175, DOI: 10.51791/njap.v47i4.67.
Abdulrashid, M. and Agwunobi, L.N., 2009. Taro cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) meal as feed ingredient in poultry. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 8(5), 668-673, DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2009.668.673.
Caicedo, W., Rodríguez, R., Lezcano, P., Ly, J., Valle, S., Flores, L. and Ferreira, F.N.A., 2015. Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of silages of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) tubers for feeding pigs. Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 49(1), 59-64.
de la Cruz, C.P.P., 2016. Production performance of finisher broiler fed with cocoyam-corm meal as partial energy replacement for maize. Veterinary World, 9(10), 1107-1112, DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1107-1112.
Caicedo, W., Sanchez, J., Tapuy, A., Vargas, J.C., Samaniego, E., Valle, S., Moyano, J. and Pujupat, D., 2018. Apparent digestibility of nutrients in fattening pigs (Large white x Duroc x Pietrain), fed with taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) meal. Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 52(2), 181-186.
Lopez-Yáñez, B.A., Pinos-Rodríguez, J.M., Devezé-Murillo, P., Espin, T. and Pérez-Hernández, P., 2018. Efecto de la substitución de maíz por cormo de malanga (Colocasia esculenta) en la degradación in vitro de dietas y en el desarrollo de corderos Pelibuey. Agrociencia, 52, 97-105.
Khan, K.R., 1987. The dose dependent effect of cortisol on the oxygen carrying capacity and metabolism of RBC’s in human and rat. Pakistan Journal of Pharmacology, 4(1), 23-36
Fasuyi, A.O., 2007. Amaranthus cruentus leaf meal as a protein supplement in broiler finisher diets. Part 2. Haematological responses, carcass characteristics and relative organ weights. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 7(6), 1-14.
Manyelo, T.G., Sebola, N.A., Ng'ambi, J.W., Weeks, W. and Mabelebele, M., 2022. The Influence of different amaranth leaf meal inclusion levels on performance, blood profiles, and gut organ characteristics of ross 308 broiler chickens. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 9, DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.869149.
Togun, V.A. and Oseni, B.S.A., 2005. Effect of low level inclusion of biscuit dust in broiler finisher diet on pre-pubertal growth and some haematological parameters of unsexed broilers. Resource Communication of Animal Science, 25(1), 22-24.
Noah, G.P., Osarenakhue, E.S., Ibrahim, S., Ufedojo, B.P. and Jibrin, N., 2020. Haematological traits and serum biochemistry of grasscutters fed elephant grass supplemented with concentrate. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 8(1), 29-36.
National Research Council, 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th ed. Washington DC: The National Academies Press.
Dacie, J.V. and Lewis, S.M., 1995. Practical Haematology. 8th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
Kerr, J.B., 2002. New methodology for deriving total ozone and other atmospheric variables from Brewer spectrophotometer direct sun spectra. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 107(D23), DOI: 10.1029/2001JD001227.
Oyeyinka, S.A., Adeleke, O.F., Dauda, A.O., Abiodun, O.A., Kayode, R.M. and Adejuyitan, J.A., 2018. Flour composition and physicochemical properties of white and yellow bitter yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) starches. Industrial Crops and Products, 120, 135-139, DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.04.061.
Temesgen, M. and Retta, N., 2015. Nutritional potential, health and food security benefits of taro Colocasia esculenta (L.): A review. Food Science and Quality Management, 36, 23-30.
Herrera, J., Saldaña, B., Guzmán, P., Ibáñez, M.A., Mandalawi, H., Cámara, L. and Mateos, G.G., 2018. Particle size affects short-term preference behavior of brown-egg laying hens fed diets based on corn or barley. Poultry Science, 97(4), 1324-1333, DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex441.
Abdollahi, M.R., Zaefarian, F. and Ravindran, V., 2018. Feed intake response of broilers: Impact of feed processing. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 237, 154-165.
Xu, Y., Stark, C.R., Ferket, P.R., Williams, C.M. and Brake, J., 2015. Effects of feed form and dietary coarse ground corn on broiler live performance, body weight uniformity, relative gizzard weight, excreta nitrogen, and particle size preference behaviors. Poultry Science, 94(7), 1549-1556, DOI: 10.3382/ps/peu016.
Woyengo, T.A., Beltranena, E. and Zijlstra, R.T., 2017. Effect of anti-nutritional factors of oilseed co-products on feed intake of pigs and poultry. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 233, 76-86, DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.05.006.
Beckford, R.C. and Bartlett, J.R., 2015. Inclusion levels of sweet potato root meal in the diet of broilers I. Effect on performance, organ weights, and carcass quality. Poultry Science, 94(6), 1316-1322, DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev090.
Jiwuba, P.C., Dauda, E., Ezenwaka, L.C. and Eluagu, C.J., 2016. Replacement value of maize with sweet potato (Ipomoea batata) root meal on growth performance and haematogical characteristics of broiler starter birds. Archives of Current Research International, 5(3), 1-7, DOI: 10.9734/ACRI/2016/27951.
Onunkwo, D.N. and George, O.S., 2015. Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler birds. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 8(3), 63-66, DOI: 10.9790/2380-08326366.
Olayemi, W.A., Rabiu, I.A., Oso, A.O., Akapo, O.A. and Bamgbose, A.M., 2020. Assessment of the nutritive value of fermented cassava root leaf meal as a reflect on blood profile of ducks. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 47(3), 194-201, DOI: 10.51791/njap.v47i3.155.
Etim, N.A.N., Akpabio, U., Okpongete, R.O. and Offiong, E.E.A., 2014. Do diets affect haematological parameters of poultry? Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 4(13), 1952-1965.
Bounous, D.I. and Stedman, N.L., 2000. Normal avian hematology: chicken and turkey. In: B.F. Feldman, J.G. Zinkl and N.C. Jain, eds. Schalm´s Veterinary Hematology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, pp. 1147-1154.
Kumoro, A.C., Retnowati, D.S. and Budiyati, C.S., 2011. Removal of cyanides from gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) tuber chips using leaching and steaming techniques. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 7(12), 2140-2146.
Lim, T.K., 2012. Edible Medicinal and Non-medicinal Plants. Vol. 1, Fruit. Dordrecht: Springer.
Sharma, Y., Saxena, S., Mishra, A., Saxena, A. and Natu, S.M., 2017. Nutrition for diabetic retinopathy: plummeting the inevitable threat of diabetic vision loss. European Journal of Nutrition, 56(6), 2013-2027, DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1406-2.
Odunitan-Wayas, F., Kolanisi, U. and Chimonyo, M., 2018. Haematological and serum biochemical responses of Ovambo chickens fed provitamin a biofortified maize. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 20, 425-434, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0444.
Ojediran, T.K., Ajayi, A.F. and Emiola, I.A., 2019. Effects of processing methods and levels of inclusion of Jatropha curcas kernel meal on performance, organ characteristics, haematology and serum chemistry of finisher broiler chickens. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 64(1), 69-83, DOI: 10.2298/JAS1901069O.
Oyewole, B.O., Rotimi., EA., Anthony, F.O. and Adewumi, J., 2017. Performance and blood parameters of starter broilers fed diets containing cashew pulp meal. FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, 3(1), 87-92.
Sturkie, P.D., 1965. Avian Physiology. 2nd ed. New York: Cornell University Press.
Nguyen, T.G., Nguyen, D.H., Huynh, T.P.L., Phan, T.H.P., Shimogiri, T. and Do, V.A.K., 2020. Serum biochemical properties of Vietnamese indigenous Noi chicken at 56 days old. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 36(3), 329-339, DOI: 10.2298/BAH2003329G.
Makama, R.S., David, B., Aaron, C.D., Kehinde, H.W., Yayi, J. and Bala, I.J., 2022. Haematological indices, liver function and lipid profile of broiler chickens fed graded levels of scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimmum L.) meal. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 49(2), 201-208, DOI: 10.51791/njap.v49i2.3480.
Olawumi, S.O., Oyewole, B.O., Okpe, A.A., Ahutu, I.A. and Ademakinwa. O.I., 2019. Comparison of strains and feed withdrawal durations on growth, haematological indices and serum biochemistry of broiler chickens at finisher phase. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 21(3), 274-280.
Tshingani, K., Donnen, P., Mukumbi, H., Duez, P. and Dramaix-Wilmet, M., 2017. Impact of Moringa oleifera lam. leaf powder supplementation versus nutritional counseling on the body mass index and immune response of HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy: a single-blind randomized control trial. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 17(1), DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1920-z.
Etuk, E.B., Ugwu, C.C., Inyama, E. and Ugorji, C., 2014. Blood chemistry, haematology, carcass characteristics and organ weight of finisher broilers fed breadfruit (Treculia africana) hull (BFH) in their diet. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 23(5), 1153-1158, DOI: 10.1007/s00580-013-1756-y.