Impact of Particulate Matter Concentration on Human Health: A Glance of Review

Main Article Content

Narasipuram Venkata Krishna Prasad*
Narasipuram Madhavi
Mallemadugula Sai Surya Rama Krishna NagendraSarma
Tadiboyina Anil Babu

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) concentration and its impact on human health attracted a lot of attention globally during the recent COVID-19 outbreak. Monitoring and analysis of PM concentration was being done but not to the extent required on the global scale. The covid epidemic caused more emphasis on the monitoring and analysis of PM concentrations due to their impact on the human respiratory system. Thus, an attempt was made to review the monitoring, analysis, and health effects of exposure to PM. It was reported that PM2.5 concentrations not only impact human health via the respiratory system but also lead to Type II diabetes. This paper reviewed some of the mechanisms involved in the development of Type II diabetes on exposure to PM2.5, and the impact of particulate matter on respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders. Furthermore, carcinogenicity effects on humans of exposure to PM in the atmosphere were briefly review.


Keywords: particulate matter (PM); air pollution; health effects; type II diabetes


*Corresponding author: Tel.: (+91)9632827299


                                             E-mail: drnvkprasad@gmail.com

Article Details

Section
Review Ariticle

References

World Health Organization, 2023. Air Pollution. [online] Available at: https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution#tab=tab_1.

World Health Organization, 2016. Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database. [online] Available at: http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/.

Health Effects Institute, 2020. State of Global Air 2020 Report. [online] Available at: https://www.indiaspend.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/India-Press-Release-State-of-Global-Air-2020.pdf.

Atkinson, R.W., Fuller, G.W., Anderson, H.R., Harrison, R.M. and Armstrong, B., 2010. Urban ambient particle metrics and health. A time series analysis. Epidemiology, 21(4), 501-511, DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181debc88.

Meister, K., Johansson, C. and Forsberg, B., 2012. Estimated short-term effects of coarse particles on daily mortality in Stockholm, Sweden. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(3), 431-436, DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103995.

Correia, A.W., Pope, C.A. III., Dockery, D.W., Wang, Y., Ezzati, M. and Dominici, F., 2013. The effect of air pollution control on life expectancy in the United States: An analysis of 545 U.S. counties for the period 2000 to 2007. Epidemiology, 24(1), 23-31, DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3182770237.

Cadelis, G., Tourres, R. and Molinie, J., 2014 Short-term effects of the particulate pollutants contained in Saharan dust on the visits of children to the emergency department due to asthmatic conditions in Guadeloupe (French Archipelago of the Caribbean). PLoS ONE, 9(3), DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091136.

Kelishadi, R. and Poursafa, P., 2010. Air pollution and non-respiratory health hazards for children. Archives of Medical Science, 6(4), 483-495, DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2010.14458.

Zhang, L., Yang, Y., Li, Y., Qian, Z.M., Xiao, W., Wang, X., Rolling, C.A., Liu, E., Xiao, J., Zeng, W. and Liu, T., 2019. Short-term and long-term effects of PM2.5 on acute nasopharyngitis in 10 communities of Guangdong, China. Science of the Total Environment, 688, 136-142, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.470.

Heal, M.R., Kumar, P. and Harrison, R.M., 2012. Particles, air quality, policy and health. Chemical Society Reviews, 41(19), 6606-6630, DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35076a.

Singh, K. and Tripathi, D., 2021. Particulate matter and human health. In: T. Otsuki, ed. Environmental Health. Rijeka: IntechOpen, pp. 1-15.

Fuzzi, S., Andreae, M.O., Huebert, B.J., Kulmala, M., Bond, T.C., Boy, M., Doherty, S.J., Guenther, A., Kanakidou, M., Kawamura, K., Kerminen, V.M., Lohmann, U., Russell, L.M. and Poschl, U., 2006. Critical assessment of the current state of scientific knowledge, terminology, and research needs concerning the role of organic aerosols in the atmosphere, climate, and global change. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 6(7), 2017-2038, DOI: 10.5194/acp-6-2017-2006.

Steinfeld, J.H. and Pandis, S.N., 1998. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change. New York: Wiley.

Penner, J.E., Andreae, M., Annegarn, H., Barrie, L., Feichter, J., Hegg, D., Jayaraman, A., Leaitch, R., Murphy, D., Nganga, J. and Pitari, G., 2001. Aerosols, their direct and indirect effects. In: B. Nyenzi and J. Prospero, eds. IPCC WGI Third Assessment Report. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 290-348.

Whelpdale, D.M. and Kaiser, M.-S., 1996. Global acid deposition assessment. World Meteorological Organization Global Atmosphere Watch Report, 106, 7-32.

Andreae, M.O. and Rosenfeld, D.J., 2008. Aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions. Part 1. The nature and sources of cloud-active aerosols. Earth-Science Reviews, 89(1-2), 13-41, DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.03.001.

Smith, S.J., van Aardenne, J., Klimont, Z., Andres, R.J., Volke, A. and Arias, S.D., 2011. Anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions: 1850-2005. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11(3), 1101-1116, DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-1101-2011.

Putaud, J.P., Van Dingenen, R., Alastuey, A., Bauer, H., Birmili, W., Cyrys, J., Flentje, H., Fuzzi, S., Gehrig, R., Hansson, H.C., Harrison, R.M., Herrmann, H., Hitzenberger, R., Huglin, C., Jones, A.M., Kasper-Giebl, A., Kiss, G., Kousa, A., Kuhlbusch, T.A.J., Loschau, G., Maenhaut, W., Molnar, A., Moreno, T., Pekkanen, J., Perrino, C., Pitz, M., Pusbaum, H., Querol, X., Rodriguez, S., Salma, I., Schwarz, J., Smolik, J., Scheneider, G., Spindler, H., Ten Brink, H., Tursic, M., Viana, M., Wiedensohler, A. and Raes, F., 2010. A European aerosol phenomenology–3: Physical and chemical characteristics of particulate matter from 60 rural, urban, and kerbside sites across Europe. Atmospheric Environment, 44(10), 1308-1320, DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.12.011.

Squizzato, S., Masiol, M., Brunelli, A., Pistollato, S., Tarabotti, E., Rampazzo, G. and Pavoni, B., 2013. Factors determining the formation of secondary inorganic aerosol: a case study in the Po valley (Italy). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13(4), 1927-1939, DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-1927-2013.

Pinder, R.W., Davidson, E.A., Goodale, C.L., Greaver, T.L., Herrick, J.D. and Liu, L., 2012. Climate change impacts of US reactive nitrogen. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(20), 7671-7675, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1114243109.

Battye, W., Aneja, V.P. and Roelle, P.A., 2003. Evaluation and improvement of ammonia emissions inventories. Atmospheric Environment, 37(27), 3873-3883, DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00343-1.

Bauer, S.E., Koch, D., Unger, N., Metzger, S.M., Shindell, D.T. and Streets, D.G., 2007. Nitrate aerosols today and in 2030: a global simulation including aerosols and tropospheric ozone. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 7(19), 5043-5059, DOI: 10.5194/acp-7-5043-2007.

Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Pey, J., Cusack, M., Pérez, N., Mihalopoulos, N., Theodosi, C., Gerasopoulos, E., Kubilay, N. and Koçak, M.U., 2009. Variability in regional background aerosols within the Mediterranean. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 9(14), 4575-4591, DOI: 10.5194/acp-9-4575-2009.

Zhang, R., Shen, Z., Cheng, T., Zhang, M. and Liu, Y., 2010. The elemental composition of atmospheric particles at Beijing during Asian dust events in spring 2004. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 10(1), 67-75, DOI: 10.4209/aaqr.2009.05.0038.

Saitoh, K., Nakatsubo, R., Hiraki, T., Shima, M., Yoda, Y. and Sera, K., 2017. Chemical properties of significant Asian dust particles observed at Himeji city from November 2009 to May 2012. International Journal of PIXE, 27, 71-85, DOI: 10.1142/S0129083518500079.

Herner, J.D., Green, P.G. and Kleeman, M.J., 2006. Measuring the trace elemental composition of size-resolved airborne particles. Environmental Science and Technology, 40(6), 1925-1933, DOI: 10.1021/es052315q.

Valavanidis, A., Fiotakis, K. and Vlachogianni, T., 2008. Airborne particulate matter and human health: toxicological assessment and importance of size and composition of particles for oxidative damage and carcinogenic mechanisms. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 26(4), 339-362, DOI: 10.1080/10590500802494538.

Guaita, R., Pichiule, M., Maté, T., Linares, C. and Díaz, J., 2011. Short-term impact of particulate matter (PM2.5) on respiratory mortality in Madrid. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 21(4), 260-274, DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2010.544033.

Halonen, J.I., Lanki, T., Yli-Tuomi, T., Tiittanen, P., Kulmala, M. and Pekkanen, J., 2009. Particulate air pollution and acute cardiorespiratory hospital admissions and mortality among the elderly. Epidemiology, 20(1), 143-153, DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31818c7237.

Samoli, E., Peng, R., Ramsay, T., Pipikou, M., Touloumi, G., Dominici, F., Burnett, R., Cohen, A., Krewski, D., Samet, J. and Katsouyanni, K., 2008. Acute effects of ambient particulate matter on mortality in Europe and North America: Results from the APHENA study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 116(11), 1480-1486, DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11345.

Jiang, X.Q., Mei, X.D. and Feng, D., 2016. Air pollution and chronic airway diseases: What should people know and do? Journal of Thoracic Disease, 8(1), DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.11.50.

Klaassen, C.D., 2013. Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishers.

Kurt, O.K., Zhang, J. and Pinkerton, K.E., 2016. Pulmonary health effects of air pollution. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 22(2), 138-143, DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000248.

Guarnieri, M. and Balmes, J.R., 2014. Outdoor air pollution and asthma. The Lancet, 383(9928), 1581-1592, DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60617-6.

Brook, R.D., 2008. Cardiovascular effects of air pollution. Clinical Science. 115(6), 175-187, DOI: 10.1042/CS20070444.

Katholi, R.E, and Couri, D.M., 2011. Left ventricular hypertrophy: major risk factor in patients with hypertension: update and practical clinical applications. International Journal of Hypertension, 2011, DOI: 10.4061/2011/495349.

Genc, S., Zadeoglulari, Z., Fuss, S.H. and Genc K., 2012. The adverse effects of air pollution on the nervous system. Journal of Toxicology, 2012, DOI: 10.1155/2012/782462.

Mandal, P.K., 2005. Dioxin: a review of its environmental effects and its aryl hydrocarbon receptor biology. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 175(4), 221-230, DOI: 10.1007/s00360-005-0483-3.

World Health Organization, 2016. Global Report on Diabetes. [online] Available at: http://www.who.int/about/licensing/%5Cnhttp://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204871/1/9789241565257_eng.pdf.

Brook, R.D., Franklin, B., Cascio, W., Hong, Y., Howard, G., Lipsett, M., Luepker, R., Mittleman, M., Samet, J., Smith, S.C. Jr. and Tager, I., 2004. Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: A statement for healthcare professionals from the expert panel on population and prevention science of the American Heart Association. Circulation, 109(21), 2655-2671, DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000128587.30041.C8.

Brook, R.D., Jerrett, M., Brook, J.R., Bard, R.L. and Finkelstein, M.M., 2008. The relationship between diabetes mellitus and traffic-related air pollution. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 50(1), 32-38, DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31815dba70.

Zanobetti, A. and Schwartz, J., 2002. Cardiovascular damage by airborne particles: Are diabetics more susceptible? Epidemiology, 13(5), 588-592, DOI: 10.1097/00001648-200209000-00016.

Goldberg, M.S., Burnett, R.T., Yale, J-F., Valois, M-F. and Brook, J.R., 2006. Associations between ambient air pollution and daily mortality among persons with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Environmental Research, 100, 255-267, DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2005.04.007.

O’Neill, M.S., Veves, A., Zanobetti, A., Sarnat, J.A., Gold, D.R., Economides, P.A., Horton, E.S. and Schwartz, J., 2005. Diabetes enhances vulnerability to particulate air pollution-associated impairment in vascular reactivity and endothelial function. Circulation, 111(22), 2913-2920, DOI: 10.1161/Circulationaha.104.517110.

Brook, R.D., Newby, D.E. and Rajagopalan, S., 2017. Air pollution and cardiometabolic disease: An update and call for clinical trials. American Journal of Hypertension, 31(1), 1-10, DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx109.

Jacobs, L., Emmerechts, J., Mathieu, C., Hoylaerts, M.F., Fierens, F., Hoet, P.H., Nemery, B. and Nawrot, T.S., 2010. Air pollution related prothrombotic changes in persons with diabetes. Environmental Health Perspectives, 118(2), 191-196, DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900942.

Pearson, J., Bachireddy, C., Shyamprasad, S., Goldfine, A. and Brownstein, J., 2010. Association between fine particulate matter and diabetes prevalence in the U.S. Diabetes Care, 33(10), 2196-2201, DOI: 10.2337/dc10-0698.

Xu, X., Liu, C., Xu, Z., Tzan, K., Zhong, M., Wang, A., Lippmann, M., Chen, L.C., Rajagopalan, S. and Sun, Q., 2011. Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate pollution induces insulin resistance and mitochondrial alteration in adipose tissue. Toxicological Sciences, 124(1), 88-98, DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr211.

Xu, J., Zhang, W., Lu, Z., Zhang, F. and Ding, W., 2017. Airborne PM 2.5 -induced hepatic insulin resistance by Nrf2/JNK-mediated signaling pathway. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(7), DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070787.

Esposito, K., Petrizzo, M., Maiorino, M.I., Bellastella, G. and Giugliano, D., 2016. Particulate matter pollutants and risk of type 2 diabetes: A time for concern? Endocrine, 51(1), 32-37, DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0638-2.

Goettems-Fiorin, P.B., Grochanke, B.S., Baldissera, F.G., Santos, A.B.D., Bittencourt, P.I.H.D., Ludwig, M.S., Rhoden, C.R. and Heck, T.G., 2016. Fine particulate matter potentiates type 2 diabetes development in high-fat diet-treated mice: Stress response and extracellular to intracellular HSP70 ratio analysis. Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 72(4), 643-656, DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0503-7.

Liu, C., Yang, C., Zhao, Y., Ma, Z., Bi, J., Liu, Y., Meng, X., Wang, Y., Cai, J., Chen, R. and Kan, H., 2016. Associations between long-term exposure to ambient particulate air pollution and type 2 diabetes prevalence, blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in China. Environment International, 92, 416-421, DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.03.028.

Dubowsky, S.D., Suh, H., Schwartz, J., Coull, B.A. and Gold, D.R., 2006. Diabetes, obesity, and hypertension may enhance associations between air pollution and markers of systemic inflammation. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(7), 992-998, DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8469.

Domínguez, C., Ruiz, E., Gussinye, M. and Carrascosa, A., 1998. Oxidative stress at onset and in early stages of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents. Diabetes Care, 21(10), 1736-1742, DOI: 10.2337/diacare.21.10.1736.