Determination of the Force Analysis of Subsoiler Plow Tines Using Finite Element Method
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Farmers in the north part of Iraq still practice traditional ways in agriculture, and often perform in multi passes for land preparation with heavy tools generating hardpanning which can become a serious problem.One of the most effective and fast methods to control plough pan is subsoiler. Subsoiling is one of the most agricultural operations that needs power. Tines of subsoiler are main working part, and it has a significant effect in working type, energy consumption and soil resistance. Farmers in Iraq are restricted on using subsoiler due to limitation of tractor horse power.The goal of this study was to modify tine shape to enhance subsoiling operation and minimize draft force. The study was conducted using two types of subsoiler tines: traditional (T) and modified (M) type. The tines were tested in two types of soil texture, clay and silty loam and under different soil humidity, to evaluate tine work efficiency. The following traits were adopted as comparison parameters: stress, draft force (DF), soil loss efficiency (SLE), and depth stability ratio (DS). Finite element method was used to analyse stress forces on the tines in field experiments. The results showed that the modified tine was superior in performance for stress, DF, SLE and DS, recording the best values for these traits: 1312 Mpa, 4.95 kN, 215.79 cm2/kN and 98.91%, respectively. The algorithms for stress, DF, SLE and DS showed acceptable performance because their R2 scores were recorded as 0.989, 0.991, 0.991, and 0.998 as predictor variables. The modified tine revealed higher efficiency performance under different soil humidities ranging 10.24% to 19.11% in the silty loam and clay soil texture. From the field results and observation, modifying the tines shape had significant impact on the field performance of the subsoiler
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright Transfer Statement
The copyright of this article is transferred to Current Applied Science and Technology journal with effect if and when the article is accepted for publication. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature.
The author warrants that this contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors.
Here is the link for download: Copyright transfer form.pdf
References
Al-Mastawi, K. E., Dahham, G. A., & Yahya, L. M. ( 2022). Effects of soil moisture content, tire inflation pressure, and tillage speed on tractive performance of 2WD tractor in Northern Iraq. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, 53(8), 132-139.
Allaie, S. P., Tripathi, A., Dsouza, P. M., & Parvaze, S. (2020). Topology optimization of a straight subsoiler through computer mathematical modelling. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 39(33), 35-46. https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i3331016
Askari, M., & Abbaspour-Gilandeh, Y. (2019). Assessment of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and response surface methodology approaches in draft force prediction of subsoiling tines. Soil and Tillage Research, 194, Article 104338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.104338
Bandalan, E. P., Salokhe, V. M., Gupta, C. P., & Niyamapa, T. (1999). Performance of an oscillating subsoiler in breaking a hardpan. Journal of Terramechanics, 36(2), 117-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4898(98)00035-4
Bo, L., Rui, X., Fanyi, L., Jun, C., Wenting, H., & Bing, H. (2016). Determination of the draft force for different subsoiler points using discrete element method. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 9(3), 81-87.
Dane, J. H., & Topp, C. G. (2020). Methods of soil analysis, part 4: Physical methods (Vol. 20). John Wiley & Sons.
Gill, W. R., & Van den Berg, G. E. (1968). Soil dynamics intillage and traction. Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture.
Hang, C., Gao, X., Yuan, M., Huang, Y., & Zhu, R. (2018). Discrete element simulations and experiments of soil disturbance as affected by the tine spacing of subsoiler. Biosystems Engineering, 168, 73-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.03.008
Hilal, Y. Y., Al-rajabo, S. A. J., & Dahham, G. A. (2021). The effects of vibrating wings subsoiler plow on driver’s seat of agricultural tractors and mechanization performance. Soil and Tillage Research, 205, Article 104806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2020.104806
Jiang, X., Tong, J., Ma, Y., & Sun, J. (2020). Development and verification of a mathematical model for the specific resistance of a curved subsoiler. Biosystems Engineering, 190, 107-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.12.004
Klute, A., & Dirksen, C. (1986). Hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity: Laboratory methods. In A. Klute (Ed.). Methods of soil analysis: Part 1 physical and mineralogical methods. (2nd ed., pp. 687-734). American Society of Agronomy. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.1.2ed
Lou, S., He, J., Lu, C., Liu, P., Li, H., & Zhang, Z. (2021). A tillage depth monitoring and control system for the independent adjustment of each subsoiling shovel. Actuators, 10(10). Article 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/act10100250
Marakoğlu, T., & Çarman, K. (2010). Fuzzy knowledge-based model for prediction of soil loosening and draft efficiency in tillage. Journal of Terramechanics, 47(3), 173-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jterra.2009.10.001
Ovchinnikov, A. S., Mezhevova, A. S., Novikov, A. E., Fomin, S. D., Pleskachev, Y. N., Borisenko, I. B., Zvolinsky, V. P., Tyutyuma, N. V., & Vorontsova, E. S. (2017). Energy and agrotechnical indicators in the testing of machine-tractor units with subsoiler. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 12(24), 7150-7160.
Ramin, J., Seyyed, H. K., & Seyyed, A. H. (2011). The effect of geometry and motion characteristics of narrow tillgae tool on soil Disturebance Efficiency. Journal of Agricultural Machinary Science, 7(3), 253-258.
Sadek, M. A., Chen, Y., & Zeng, Z. (2021). Draft force prediction for a high-speed disc implement using discrete element modelling. Biosystems Engineering, 202, 133-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.12.009
Salar, R. M., Karparvarfard, H. S., Askari, M., & Kargarpour, H. (2021). Forces and loosening characteristics of a new winged chisel plough. Research in Agricultural Engineering, 67(1), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.17221/71/2020-RAE.
Song, W., Jiang, X., Li, L., Ren, L., & Tong, J. (2022). Increasing the width of disturbance of plough pan with bionic inspired subsoilers. Soil and Tillage Research, 220, Article 105356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2022.105356
Tong, J., Jiang, X.-H., Wang, Y.-M., Ma, Y.-H., Li, J.-W., & Sun, J.-Y. (2020). Tillage force and disturbance characteristics of different geometric-shaped subsoilers via DEM. Advances in Manufacturing, 8(3), 392-404. https://doi:10.1007/s40436-020-00318-x
Topakci, M., Celik, H. K., Canakci, M., Rennie, A. E. W., Akinci, I., & Karayel, D. (2010). Deep tillage tool optimization by means of finite element method: Case study for a subsoiler tine. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 8(2), 531-536.
Wang, X., Li, P., He, J., Wei, W., & Huang, Y. (2021). Discrete element simulations and experiments of soil-winged subsoiler interaction. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 14(1), 50-62.
Wang, X., Zhou, H., & Ji, J. (2022). Effect of mounting angle on bending subsoiling tool-soil interactions using DEM simulations. Agriculture, 12(11), Article 1830. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111830
Wang, X., Zhou, H., Wang, S., Zhou, H., & Ji, J. (2023). Methods for reducing the tillage force of subsoiling tools: A review. Soil and Tillage Research, 229, Article 105676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2023.105676
Wang, Y., Li, N., Ma, Y., Tong, J., Pfleging, W., & Sun, J. (2020). Field experiments evaluating a biomimetic shark-inspired (BioS) subsoiler for tillage resistance reduction. Soil and Tillage Research, 196, Article 104432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.104432
Wang, Y., Yang, L., Zhang, D., Cui, T., Han, D. D., & Zhang, T. (2017). Experimental study on loosening depth stability for self-excited vibrating subsoiler. In 2017 ASABE annual international meeting. https://doi.org/10.13031/aim.201700040
Zhang, Z., Gan, S., Zuo, G., Zhao, L., Chen, Z., & Carr, S. (2021). Bionic design of Sandfish (Scincus scincus) head inspired subsoiler tine and its performance evaluation by DEM. In 2021 ASABE annual international virtual meeting. https://doi.org/10.13031/aim.202100223
