The Response of Yield and Accumulated Iodine in Melon Affected by Biofortification with Potassium Iodide in Variance Rates under Greenhouse Conditions
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Abstract
This study examined the impact of potassium iodide (KI) application on iodine accumulation, growth rate, and yield quality in melons. A 2 × 5 factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications, examining two factors: (1) melon cultivar (Fujisawa, designated as Fuj, and Sweet D25, designated as Swe) and (2) KI application rates (0.0, 4.5, 9.0, 13.5, and 18.0 mg/plant/time). The results showed that KI application at 9.0 mg/plant/time resulted in the highest fresh fruit weight and largest fruit size (both width and length) for both cultivars. In contrast, KI concentrations of 13.5 and 18.0 mg/plant/time reduced yield and fruit size, likely due to excessive iodine. Iodine accumulation was highest at 9.0 mg/plant/time, reaching 108.99 µg/100 g FW in Fuj and 62.22 µg/100 g FW in Swe, with these levels meeting the recommended daily iodine intake for humans. Besides, iodine and nutrient accumulation varied between cultivars: in Fuj, iodine was negatively correlated with potassium, whereas in Swe, iodine showed a positive correlation with potassium. These findings may inform biofortification strategies with iodine in melons and other plant species.
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