Ameliorating Soil Nutrient Dynamics and Morphological Characteristics of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) through Banana Stem Extract as Bioinput
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The growing demand for soybeans in the food and feed sectors in the Philippines faces significant challenges due to reliance on imports, leading to persistently low domestic production, making marketing the produce a problem for farmers. Compounding this issue is the increasing accumulation of agricultural waste, particularly from the banana industry, which contributes to global warming. Addressing these challenges presents an opportunity to utilize this waste as an alternative nutrient source for sustainable agricultural practices. Our field study addresses these pressing issues by transforming banana pseudostems, a significant waste product, into effective foliar fertilizer. The study evaluated the influence of varying levels of banana stem extract (BSE) on the agronomic, yield performance, and the soil chemical properties when applied to soybean cultivation. There were five treatments (T0 (0% BSE), T1 (3% BSE), T2 (6% BSE), T3 (9% BSE), and T4 (12% BSE)) arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results revealed that banana stem extract significantly affected soybean’s plant height during its 60th and 75th days after sowing, whereas number of pods and number of filled pods were influenced by the T2 (6% BSE), T3 (9% BSE), and T4 (12% BSE) with a significantly comparable result. The yield (t ha-1) components also revealed a significant difference among treatments, with the application of T3 (9% BSE). Future research should focus on the phytochemical properties of BSE, evaluating its effects on not only soybean but also other crops and exploring its potential as a natural biopesticide and fertilizer. Controlled laboratory evaluations and field trials will provide essential insights into maximizing BSE's benefits and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright Transfer Statement
The copyright of this article is transferred to Current Applied Science and Technology journal with effect if and when the article is accepted for publication. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature.
The author warrants that this contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors.
Here is the link for download: Copyright transfer form.pdf
References
Abro, S. A., Abro, M. A., Kapri, J. H., Ahmed, N., Ali, H., Parveen, S., Ali, M., Ali, S., & Khoso, A. (2023). Extraction and utilization of banana pseudostem sap as organic liquid bio-fertilizer on onion (Allium cepa L). Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology, 20(2), 275-280. https://doi.org/10.34016/pjbt.2023.20.02.839
Acevedo, S. A., Carrillo, Á. J. D., Flórez-López, E., & Grande-Tovar, C. D. (2021). Recovery of banana waste-loss from production and processing: A contribution to a circular economy. Molecules, 26(17), Article 5282. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175282
Anderson, C. R., Peterson, M. E., Frampton, R. A., Bulman, S. R., Keenan, S., & Curtin, D. (2018). Rapid increases in soil pH solubilise organic matter, dramatically increase denitrification potential and strongly stimulate microorganisms from the Firmicutes phylum. PeerJ, 6, Article e6090. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6090
Anderson, E. (2018). Nutrient management recommendations for profitable soybean production. Michigan State University Extension. https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/nutrient_management_recommendations_for_profitable_soybean_production
Balanay, R., & Laureta, R. (2021). Towards boosting the supply chain of soybeans for food security and import substitution in Caraga region, Philippines. Journal of Ecosystem Science and Eco-Governance, 3(1), 37-49.
Cao, S., Yang, Z., & Pareek, S. (2018). Tropical and subtropical fruits: postharvest biology and storage. Journal of Food Quality, 2018, Article 3026987. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3026987
Castañeda, V., Gil-Quintana, E., Echeverria, A., & González, E. M. (2018). Legume nitrogen utilization under drought stress. In A. Shrawat, A. Zayed, & D. Lightfoot (Eds). Engineering nitrogen utilization in crop plant (pp. 173-184). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92958-3_10
Department of Agriculture. (2003). Philippine national standard for organic agriculture (PNS OA). https://bafs.da.gov.ph/index.php/approved-philippine-national-standards/
Ernest, E. G. (2014). Dramatic potassium deficiencies are appearing in soybean fields. Weekly Crop Update. https://sites.udel.edu/weeklycropupdate/?p=7365
Fageria, N. K., Moreira, A., Moraes, L. a. C., & Moraes, M. F. (2014). Influence of lime and gypsum on yield and yield components of soybean and changes in soil chemical properties. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 45(3), 271-283. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2013.861906
Fenton, M., Albers, C., & Ketterings, Q. (2008). Soil organic matter (Fact sheet). Cornell Cooperative Extension. https://franklin.cce.cornell.edu/resources/soil-organic-matter-fact-sheet
Fernando, W. S L. V., & Karunarathna, B. (2020). Effect of foliar application of banana pseudostem sap on yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.). International Letters of Natural Sciences, 79, 9-15. https://doi.org/10.56431/p-dzobxi
Galang, P.V. M. (2020). Soybean industry targeted for improved production, logistics — DoST. Business World. https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-picks/2020/01/13/272880/soybean-industry-targeted-for-improved-production-logistics-dost/
Gartley, K. L., Shober, A. L., & Sims, J. T. (2024). Measurement and management of soil pH for crop production in Delaware. University of Delaware. https://www.udel.edu/academics/ colleges/canr/cooperative-extension/fact-sheets/measurement-management -pH/
Goyal, R. K., Mattoo, A. K., & Schmidt, M. A. (2021). Rhizobial–host interactions and symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legume crops toward agriculture sustainability. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, Article 669404. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.669404
Iqbal, M. A., Abdul, H., Muzammil, H. S., Imtiaz, H., Tanveer, A., Saira, I., & Anser, A. (2019). A meta-analysis of the impact of foliar feeding of micronutrients on productivity and revenue generation of forage crops. Planta Daninha, 37(2), Article e019189237. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582019370100046
Islam, M. S., Kasim, S., Amin, A. M., Alam, M. K., Khatun, M. F., Ahmed, S., Gaber, A., & Hossain, A. (2023). Foliar application of enriched banana pseudostem sap influences the nutrient uptake, yield, and quality of sweet corn grown in an acidic soil. PLoS ONE, 18(8), Article e0285954. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285954
Islam, M. S., Kasim, S., Amin, A. M., Hun, T. G., Alam, M. K., & Haque, M. A. (2022). Banana-pseudostem sap growing media as a novel source of phytochemicals and mineral nutrients: Influence on seedling growth of sweet corn. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 82(1), 135-145. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392022000100135
Khanam, M., Islam, Ali, M., Chowdhury, I. F., & Masum, S. (2016). Performance of soybean under different levels of phosphorus and potassium. Bangladesh Agronomy Journal, 19(1), 99-108. https://doi.org/10.3329/baj.v19i1.29876
Killi, F., & Beyci̇Oğlu, T. (2022). Genetic and environmental variability, heritability and genetic advance in pod yield, yield components, oil and protein content of peanut varieties. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 27(1), 71-77. https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1050448
Kvail. (2020). The importance of feeding P & K to soybeans. CaroVail. https://www.carovail.com/the-importance-of-feeding-p-k-to-soybeans/
Layson, M. (2013). Magtanim ng ‘Wonder Crop’ – DA. Philstar.com. https://www.philstar.com/pilipino-star-ngayon/bansa/2013/07/09/963210/magtanim-ng-wonder-crop-da
Li, G., Guo, X., Sun, W., Hou, L., Wang, G., Tian, R., Wang, X., Qu, C., & Zhao, C. (2024a). Nitrogen application in pod zone improves yield and quality of two peanut cultivars by modulating nitrogen accumulation and metabolism. BMC Plant Biology, 24(1), Article 48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04725-1
Li, H., Lehmann, A., Rongstock, R., Xu, Y., Kunze, E., Meidl, P., & Rillig, M. C. (2024b). Diversity of organic amendments increases soil functions and plant growth. Plants People Planet, 7(1), 80-86. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10588
Lobell, D. B., Cassman, K. G., & Field, C. B. (2009). Crop yield gaps: their importance, magnitudes, and causes. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 34(1), 179-204. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.environ.041008.093740
Lubis, E. J., & Pakpahan, S. (2026). Application of Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. extract with local microorganisms formulation Solanum lycopersicum (L.) and Saccharum officinarum Linn. bagasse in organosol soil medium on the growth of Brassica oleracea (L.) Alboglabra group plants. Multidisciplinary Indonesian Center Journal, 3(1), 2164–2172. https://doi.org/10.62567/micjo.v3i1.2296
Magdoff, F., & Van Es, H. (2021). Building soils for better crops. Ecological management for healthy soils. (4th ed.). SARE.
Mohapatra, D., Mishra, S., & Sutar, N. (2010). Banana and its by-product utilisation: an overview. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 69, 323-329.
Mundhe, N. S., Sanap, N. J., Jadhav, N. P., Kalsadkar, N. V., & Das, N. P. C. (2023). Forecasting crop yield for sustainable agriculture. International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology, 3(2), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-14205
Neupane, D. (2022). Biofuels from renewable sources, a potential option for biodiesel production. Bioengineering, 10(1), Article 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10010029
Ohagan, J. M., Harnaiz, L. L. A., Nagal, C. J. C., Taylaran, R. D., & Gonzaga, A. B. Jr. (2023). Productivity of ‘Saba’ banana (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) as influenced by different levels of NPK fertilizer under Jasaan soil series. Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology, 21(1), 186-201. https://doi.org/10.61310/mndjstia.0903.23
Ohio State University Extension. (2022). Soybean progress and pod set growth stages. Agronomic Crops Network. https://agcrops.osu.edu/newsletter/corn-newsletter/2022-23/soybean-progress-and-pod-set-growth-stages
Ortel, C. C., Roberts, T. L., Popp, M., Ross, W. J., Slaton, N. A., & Parvej, M. R. (2024). Economic considerations of in‐season potassium applications to soybean using payoff matrices. Agronomy Journal, 117(1) Article e21726. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21726
Poudel, S., Khatri, D., Magar, L. P., KC, S., Mukherjee, A., Lucas, S., Gebremedhin, M., & Chiluwal, A. (2024). Final seed size in soybean Is determined during mid-seed filling stage. Agronomy, 14(4), Article 763. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14040763
Rezk, A., I., & Amer, F. (1969). Exchangeable potassium and its selectivity by soils as quantity-intensity parameters for soil potassium. Soil Science Society of Americal Journal, 33(6), 876-880.
Rinaldi, J., Arya, N. N., Mahaputra, I. K., Elisabeth, D. A. A., Resiani, N. M. D., Arsana, I. G. K. D., & Silitonga, T. F. (2023). Production factors, technical, and economic efficiency of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) farming in Indonesia. Open Agriculture, 8(1), Article 20220194. https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0194
Ritchie, H., Rosado, P., & Roser, M. (2022, October 25). Crop yields. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/crop-yields
Shahkoomahally, E., & Shahkoomahally, S. (2017). Investigating of N and K fertilizers on yield and components of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Journal of Agricultural Science, 9(10), 85-94. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n10p85
Sotomayor-Ramírez, D., Martínez, G. A., Mylavarapu, R. S., Santana, O., & Guzmán, J. L. (2004). Phosphorus soil tests for environmental assessment in subtropical soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 35(11-12), 1485-1503. https://doi.org/10.1081/css-120038550
Soyagrains Alliance. (2020). Technically speaking — Philippines: A growing market. https://soyagrainsalliance.org/2020/06/05/technically-speaking-philippines-a-growing-market/
Stowe, K. D., & Vann, R. (2022). The soybean plant. NC State Extension. https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/show_ep3_pdf/1764325701/23842/
Sun, J., Mooney, H., Wu, W., Tang, H., Tong, Y., Xu, Z., Huang, B., Cheng, Y., Yang, X., Wei, D., Zhang, F., & Liu, J. (2018). Importing food damages domestic environment: Evidence from global soybean trade. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(21), 5415-5419. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718153115
Suprihatin, S. (2011). Production process of liquid fertilizer from banana trunk. Jurnal Teknik Kimia, 5(2), 429-433.
Tang, C., Jiang, X., Liu, C., Washburn, B. K., Sathe, S. K., & Rao, Q. (2024). Effect of temperature on structural configuration and immunoreactivity of pH-stressed soybean (Glycine max) agglutinin. Food Chemistry, 442, Article 138376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138376
Timotiwu, P. B., Nurmiaty, Y., Pramono, E., & Maysaroh, S. (2020). Growth and yield responses of four soybean (Glycine max (l.) Merrill.) cultivars to different methods of NPK fertilizer application. Planta Tropika, 8(1), 39-43. https://doi.org/10.18196/pt.2020.112.39-43
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. (2022). Soil pH. USDA. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/sites/default/files/2022-10/soil_ph.pdf
Vogel, J. T., Liu, W., Olhoft, P., Crafts-Brandner, S. J., Pennycooke, J. C., & Christiansen, N. (2021). Soybean yield formation physiology – a foundation for precision breeding based improvement. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, Article 719706. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.719706
Wang, C., & Kuzyakov, Y. (2024). Soil organic matter priming: The pH effects. Global Change Biology, 30(6), Article e17349. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17349
Wibowo, H., & Kasno, A. (2021). Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen dynamics in paddy soils on the Java Island, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 648(1), Article 012192. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/648/1/012192
Xu, C., He, Y., Sun, S., Song, W., Wu, T., Han, T., & Wu, C. (2020). Analysis of soybean yield formation differences across different production regions in China. Agronomy Journal, 112(5), 4195-4206. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20373
Zhou, W., Han, G., Liu, M., & Li, X. (2019). Effects of soil pH and texture on soil carbon and nitrogen in soil profiles under different land uses in Mun River Basin, Northeast Thailand. PeerJ, 7, Article e7880. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7880
