A Circular Economy Approach in Sustainable Energy Transitions: Converting Agro-Industrial Waste into Solid Biofuel
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Abstract
Agricultural biomass waste poses environmental challenges if not managed properly. This study investigated the conversion of agro-industrial residues into hybrid charcoal briquettes as solid biofuel. Using coconut shell charcoal fines and carbonized rice hulls, briquettes were produced via 33 MPa compaction with 12% cassava starch binder. The optimal blend (74.80% coconut shell, 25.20% rice hulls) yielded a heating value of 15.44 MJ kg-1, with favorable properties: 40.94% fixed carbon, 38.6% ash, 7.12% moisture, and 20.46% volatile matter. The briquettes exhibited high durability (99.80% shatter index), ensuring resistance to breakage. These results highlight the potential of hybrid briquettes as a sustainable, eco-friendly fuel alternative, supporting waste valorization and energy efficiency. By repurposing agro-waste, this approach promotes a circular economy while offering a cost-effective substitute for conventional fuels.
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