Efficiency of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Solanum torvum Sw. against Staphylococcus spp. from Dog Skin and the Owner Hands.
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Published:
Jan 22, 2019
Keywords:
Solanum torvum Sw. Leaves Crude extract Antibacterial activity Dog
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Abstract
Solanum torvum Sw. is an alternative and traditional medicine plant which commonly found in Thailand. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of 95% ethanol crude extract of S. torvum SW. Leaves against pathogenic bacteria isolated from dog skin and owner hands (in vitro). The isolated bacteria were identified based on their biochemical characterization and determined their antibacterial activity of the extracts by using broth microdilution test in microtiter plate 96-well and subculturing into LB rich agar in order to explore the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), respectively. The bacterial characterization used in this experiment was specific to the Staphylococcus spp. which revealed Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus sciuri and Staphylococcus chromogenes in both of the sample sources. MIC and MBC were ranged between 3.91- 62.5 mg/ml and showed the greatest antibacterialactivity against Staphylococcus chromogenes. This study suggested that the extracts was promising for development in the treatment against pathogenic bacterial skin diseases in the future.
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นายมอญ ณ., จารุเดชา ธ. and สืบขำเพชร อ. (2019) “ from Dog Skin and the Owner Hands”., Journal of Mahanakorn Veterinary Medicine, 13(2), pp. 199–211. Available at: https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jmvm/article/view/166274 (Accessed: 24 November 2024).
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Research Article
References
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วัชรินทร์ รังสีภานุรัตน์, อิสรา จันทร์วิทยานุชิต, พรทิพย์ พึ่งม่วง, สมหญิง งามอุรุเลิศ และสุมลรัตน์ ชูวงษ์วัฒนะ. 2553.การวินิจฉัยโรคติดเชื้อแบคทีเรียทางการแพทย์.กรุงเทพมหานคร: บริษัท วี.พริ้นท์. 344 หน้า.
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Agrawal, A. D., P. P. Bajpei, A. A. Patil, and S.R. Bavaskar. 2010. Solanum Torvum SW. A Phytopharmacological review. Shree Sureshdada Jain Pharmaceutical Education and Research Center, Jamner, Tal: Jamner, Dist: - Jalgaon, State: - Maharashtra. Der Pharmacia Lettre. 2(4): 403-407.
Ajaiyeoba, E. O. 1999. Comparative phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of Solanum macrocarpum and Solanum torvum leaves. Fitoterapi. 70: 184 -186.
Arif, M., and S. Fareed. 2011. Pharmacognostical studies and evaluation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of traditionally utilized fruits of Solanum tovum SW. Indian J. Nat. Prod. Resour. 2(2): 218-224.
Arthan, D., J. Svasti, P. Kittakoop, D. Pittayakhachonwut, M. Tanticharoen, and Y. Thebtaranonth. 2002. Antiviral isoflavonoid sulfate and steroidal glycosides from the fruits of Solanumtorvum. Phytochemistry. 59(4): 459-463.
Arumugam, G., M. K. Swamy, and U. R. Sinniah. 2016. Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng: Botanical, Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Nutritional Significance. MDPI. Molecules 2016, 21, 369. [Online] Available: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
Arunkumar, S. and M. Mulhuselvam. 2009. Analysis of Phytochemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activitices of Aloe vera L. Against Clinical Pathogens. World J. Agric. Sci. 5(5): 572-576.
Bari, M. A., W. Islam, A. R. Khan, and A. Mandal. 2010. Antibacterial and Antifungal of Solanum torvum (Solanaceae). Int. J. Agric. Biol. 12(3):386-390.
Bradford, S.A., Tazehkand, S.S., Torkzaban, S. and Walker S.L. 2008. Cell Preparation Methods Influence Escherichia coli D12g Surface Chemistry and Transport in Saturated Sand. J. Environ. Qual. 37:2108-2115.
Chah, K. F., K. N. Muko, and S. I. Oboegbulem. 2000. Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Solanum torvum Fruit. Fitoterapia. 71:187-189.
Chen, C. J., Y. C. Huang, C. H. Chiu, L. H. Su and T. Y. Lin. 2005. Clinical features and genotyping analysis of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in Taiwanese children. Pediatr. Infect. dis. J.24: 40–45.
Daglia, M. 2012. Polyphenols as Antimicrobial Agents. Curr Opin Biotech. 23: 174-181.
Davis, J. A., C. R. Jackson, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, J. B. Barrett, J. H. Brousse, J. Gustafson, and J. M. Kucher. 2014. Carriage of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci by Healthy Companion Animals in the US. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 59: 1-8.
Elof, J. N. 1998. A Sentitive and Quick Microplate Method to Determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of Plant Extracts for Bacteria. Planta Med. 64: 711-713.
Gupta, N., G. Saxena and S.S.Kalra. 2011. Antimicrobial activity pattern of certain terpenoids. Int. J. Pharm. Bio. Sci. 2: 87–91.
Hetru, C. and P. Bulet. 1997. Strategies for the Isolation and Characterization of Antimicrobial Peptides of Invertebrates. Methods in Molecular Biology. W. M. Shafer, Humana Press Inc., Totowa. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 78: 35-49.
Hoffmann, A. R., A. P. Patterson, A. Alison Diesel, S. D. Lawhon, H. J. Ly, C. E. Stephenson, J. J Mansell, J. M. Steiner, S. E. Dowd, T. Olivry, S. Jan, and J. S. Suchodolski. The Skin Microbiome in Healthy and Allergic Dogs. 2014. PLOS ONE. Available:https://www .plosone. org.January 2014 Vol. 9 Issue 1, e83197.
Kala, C. P. 2005. Ethnomedicinal botany of the Apatani in the Eastern Himalayan region of India. Ethno. and Ethnomed. 1: 1–8.
Kloos, W. E. and J. F. Wolfshohl. 1980. Identification of Staphylococcus Species with the API STAPH-IDENT System. J. Clin. Microbiol. Sept. 1982, p. 509-516. [Online]. Available: https://www.asm.org/on January 9, 2019 by guest.
Lalitha, V., K. Raveesha, and B. Kiran. 2010. Antimicrobial activity of Solanum torvum Swart against important seed borne pathogens of padd. Iranica J. Energy & Environ. 1(2): 160-164.
Marples, R. R. and J. F. Richardson. 1982. Evalution of a micromethod gallery (API Staph) for the identification of staphylococci and micrococci. J. Clin. Pathol. 1982;35: 650-656
Mohan and Bhandare. 2012. Protetive Efect of Solanum torvum Against Testicular Toxicity in Male Winter Rat. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. 4(3): 188-192.
Muthezhilan, R., N. Yogananth, Priyanka and A. H. Jaffar. 2012. Fatty Acid Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Solanum torvum SW. J. Modern Biotechnol. 1(2): 75-78.
Naimon, N., U. Pongchairerk, and A. Suebkhampet. 2015. Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Solanum torvum Sw. Against Pathogenic Bacteria. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 49: 516-523.
Ndebia, E. J., R. Kamgang, and B. N. Nkeh-Chungag. 2007. Analgesic and Anti- Inflammatory Properties of Queous Extract from Leaves of Solanum torvum (Solanaceae). Afr. J. Trad. CAM. 4(2): 240-244.
Nithyadevi, J. and R. Sivakumar. 2015 Phytochemical Screening and GC-MS, FT-IR Analysis of Methanolic Extract Leaves of Solanum Torvum SW. IJRSB. 3(9): 61-66.
Oluyege, J. O. and D. M. Adelabu, D.M. 2010. Microbial Contamination of Some Hawked Herbal Products in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Continental J. Microbiology 4: 8-14.
Tanaka, H., M. Sato and S. Fujiwara. 2002. Antibacterial activity of isoflavonoids nisolated from Erythrina variegataagainst methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 35: 228–489.
Thenmozhi, A. and R. U. S. Mahadeva. 2012. Comparative free radical scavenging potentials of different parts of Solanum torvum. Free Radicals and Antioxidants. SciBioMed.org and Phcog. Net. 2(2): 24-29.
Uma, M., S. Jothinayaki, S. Kumaravel, and P. Kalaiselvi. 2011. Of Determination Bioactive Components of Plectranthus amboinicus Lour by GC-MS Analysis. N Y Sci J. 2011: 48
ณัฐกาญจน์ นายมอญ. 2557. การศึกษาประสิทธิภาพของสารสกัดหยาบใบมะเขือพวงต่อการหายของบาดแผลในหนูเมาส์. กรุงเทพมหานคร. มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีมหานคร. 75 หน้า.
พร้อมจิต ศรลัมพ์ และรุ่งระวี เต็มศิริ ฤกษ์กุล. 2553. รสยาสมุนไพรกับสารเคมี: ความเหมือนที่แตกต่าง. กรุงเทพมหานคร: พิมพ์ที่ห้างหุ้นส่วน จำกัด สามลดา. 92 หน้า.
วัชรินทร์ รังสีภานุรัตน์, อิสรา จันทร์วิทยานุชิต, พรทิพย์ พึ่งม่วง, สมหญิง งามอุรุเลิศ และสุมลรัตน์ ชูวงษ์วัฒนะ. 2553.การวินิจฉัยโรคติดเชื้อแบคทีเรียทางการแพทย์.กรุงเทพมหานคร: บริษัท วี.พริ้นท์. 344 หน้า.
วันดี กฤษณพันธ์. 2534. ยาและผลิตภัณฑ์จากธรรมชาติ: การเตรียมยาสมุนไพรเพื่อการค้า. กรุงเทพมหานคร: สำนักพิมพ์มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. 475 หน้า.
Agrawal, A. D., P. P. Bajpei, A. A. Patil, and S.R. Bavaskar. 2010. Solanum Torvum SW. A Phytopharmacological review. Shree Sureshdada Jain Pharmaceutical Education and Research Center, Jamner, Tal: Jamner, Dist: - Jalgaon, State: - Maharashtra. Der Pharmacia Lettre. 2(4): 403-407.
Ajaiyeoba, E. O. 1999. Comparative phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of Solanum macrocarpum and Solanum torvum leaves. Fitoterapi. 70: 184 -186.
Arif, M., and S. Fareed. 2011. Pharmacognostical studies and evaluation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of traditionally utilized fruits of Solanum tovum SW. Indian J. Nat. Prod. Resour. 2(2): 218-224.
Arthan, D., J. Svasti, P. Kittakoop, D. Pittayakhachonwut, M. Tanticharoen, and Y. Thebtaranonth. 2002. Antiviral isoflavonoid sulfate and steroidal glycosides from the fruits of Solanumtorvum. Phytochemistry. 59(4): 459-463.
Arumugam, G., M. K. Swamy, and U. R. Sinniah. 2016. Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng: Botanical, Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Nutritional Significance. MDPI. Molecules 2016, 21, 369. [Online] Available: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
Arunkumar, S. and M. Mulhuselvam. 2009. Analysis of Phytochemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activitices of Aloe vera L. Against Clinical Pathogens. World J. Agric. Sci. 5(5): 572-576.
Bari, M. A., W. Islam, A. R. Khan, and A. Mandal. 2010. Antibacterial and Antifungal of Solanum torvum (Solanaceae). Int. J. Agric. Biol. 12(3):386-390.
Bradford, S.A., Tazehkand, S.S., Torkzaban, S. and Walker S.L. 2008. Cell Preparation Methods Influence Escherichia coli D12g Surface Chemistry and Transport in Saturated Sand. J. Environ. Qual. 37:2108-2115.
Chah, K. F., K. N. Muko, and S. I. Oboegbulem. 2000. Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Solanum torvum Fruit. Fitoterapia. 71:187-189.
Chen, C. J., Y. C. Huang, C. H. Chiu, L. H. Su and T. Y. Lin. 2005. Clinical features and genotyping analysis of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in Taiwanese children. Pediatr. Infect. dis. J.24: 40–45.
Daglia, M. 2012. Polyphenols as Antimicrobial Agents. Curr Opin Biotech. 23: 174-181.
Davis, J. A., C. R. Jackson, P. J. Fedorka-Cray, J. B. Barrett, J. H. Brousse, J. Gustafson, and J. M. Kucher. 2014. Carriage of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci by Healthy Companion Animals in the US. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 59: 1-8.
Elof, J. N. 1998. A Sentitive and Quick Microplate Method to Determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of Plant Extracts for Bacteria. Planta Med. 64: 711-713.
Gupta, N., G. Saxena and S.S.Kalra. 2011. Antimicrobial activity pattern of certain terpenoids. Int. J. Pharm. Bio. Sci. 2: 87–91.
Hetru, C. and P. Bulet. 1997. Strategies for the Isolation and Characterization of Antimicrobial Peptides of Invertebrates. Methods in Molecular Biology. W. M. Shafer, Humana Press Inc., Totowa. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 78: 35-49.
Hoffmann, A. R., A. P. Patterson, A. Alison Diesel, S. D. Lawhon, H. J. Ly, C. E. Stephenson, J. J Mansell, J. M. Steiner, S. E. Dowd, T. Olivry, S. Jan, and J. S. Suchodolski. The Skin Microbiome in Healthy and Allergic Dogs. 2014. PLOS ONE. Available:https://www .plosone. org.January 2014 Vol. 9 Issue 1, e83197.
Kala, C. P. 2005. Ethnomedicinal botany of the Apatani in the Eastern Himalayan region of India. Ethno. and Ethnomed. 1: 1–8.
Kloos, W. E. and J. F. Wolfshohl. 1980. Identification of Staphylococcus Species with the API STAPH-IDENT System. J. Clin. Microbiol. Sept. 1982, p. 509-516. [Online]. Available: https://www.asm.org/on January 9, 2019 by guest.
Lalitha, V., K. Raveesha, and B. Kiran. 2010. Antimicrobial activity of Solanum torvum Swart against important seed borne pathogens of padd. Iranica J. Energy & Environ. 1(2): 160-164.
Marples, R. R. and J. F. Richardson. 1982. Evalution of a micromethod gallery (API Staph) for the identification of staphylococci and micrococci. J. Clin. Pathol. 1982;35: 650-656
Mohan and Bhandare. 2012. Protetive Efect of Solanum torvum Against Testicular Toxicity in Male Winter Rat. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. 4(3): 188-192.
Muthezhilan, R., N. Yogananth, Priyanka and A. H. Jaffar. 2012. Fatty Acid Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Solanum torvum SW. J. Modern Biotechnol. 1(2): 75-78.
Naimon, N., U. Pongchairerk, and A. Suebkhampet. 2015. Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Solanum torvum Sw. Against Pathogenic Bacteria. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 49: 516-523.
Ndebia, E. J., R. Kamgang, and B. N. Nkeh-Chungag. 2007. Analgesic and Anti- Inflammatory Properties of Queous Extract from Leaves of Solanum torvum (Solanaceae). Afr. J. Trad. CAM. 4(2): 240-244.
Nithyadevi, J. and R. Sivakumar. 2015 Phytochemical Screening and GC-MS, FT-IR Analysis of Methanolic Extract Leaves of Solanum Torvum SW. IJRSB. 3(9): 61-66.
Oluyege, J. O. and D. M. Adelabu, D.M. 2010. Microbial Contamination of Some Hawked Herbal Products in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Continental J. Microbiology 4: 8-14.
Tanaka, H., M. Sato and S. Fujiwara. 2002. Antibacterial activity of isoflavonoids nisolated from Erythrina variegataagainst methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 35: 228–489.
Thenmozhi, A. and R. U. S. Mahadeva. 2012. Comparative free radical scavenging potentials of different parts of Solanum torvum. Free Radicals and Antioxidants. SciBioMed.org and Phcog. Net. 2(2): 24-29.
Uma, M., S. Jothinayaki, S. Kumaravel, and P. Kalaiselvi. 2011. Of Determination Bioactive Components of Plectranthus amboinicus Lour by GC-MS Analysis. N Y Sci J. 2011: 48