Effect of Electrode Selection on Impact Toughness in Weld Metal of Rail Steel Grade 900A
Keywords:
Rail steel grade 900A, Welding, Impact toughness, Bainite, FerriteAbstract
The objective of this research was to investigate electrode types on impact toughness of rail steel grade 900A repaired by the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process. Three different types of electrodes, which provide similar hardness of the weld metal compared to that of the rail steel base metal, were examined. The results found that the microstructure of the weld metal mostly consisted of bainite. The bainite structure in the weld metal depended on the chemical composition of each weld metal. Moreover, the impact toughness of each sample was different due to various carbon contents in the weld metal. In this research, the weld metal contained bainite and ferrite structures showed the highest impact toughness.
References
Cakir, F. H., & Celik, O. N. (2017). Effect of isothermal bainitic quenching on rail steel impact strength and wear resistance. Metal Science and Heat Treatment, 59(5-6), 289-293.
Haidemenopoulos, G. N., Zervaki, A. D., Terezakis, P., Tzanis, J., Giannakopoulos, A. E., & Kotouzas, M. K. (2006). Investigation of rolling contact fatigue cracks in a grade 900A rail steel of a metro track. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 29(11), 887-900.
Inthara, A., Rojanapunya, P., & Saiseng, N. (2017). Thailand’s Railroad Development and Future High Speed Train Development. Journal of Yala Rajabhat University, 12, 151-167.
ISO 148-1. (2006). 148-1, Metallic Materials. Charpy Pendulum Impact Test. Part 1: Test Method.
Jun, H. K., Seo, J. W., Jeon, I. S., Lee, S. H., & Chang, Y. S. (2016). Fracture and fatigue crack growth analyses on a weld-repaired railway rail. Engineering failure analysis, 59, 478-492.
Khan, A. R., Shengfu, Y., & Wang, H. (2019). Influence of Heat Input and Preheating on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Coarse Grain Heat-Affected Zone of Metal Arc Gas-Welded Pearlitic Rail Steel. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 28(12), 7676-7686.
Lai, Q., Abrahams, R., Yan, W., Qiu, C., Mutton, P., Paradowska, A., ... & Wu, X. (2018). Effects of preheating and carbon dilution on material characteristics of laser-cladded hypereutectoid rail steels. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 712, 548-563.
Lee, C. S., Chandel, R. S., & Seow, H. P. (2000). Effect of welding parameters on the size of heat affected zone of submerged arc welding. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 15(5), 649-666.
Nikas, D., Meyer, K. A., & Ahlström, J. (2017). Characterization of deformed pearlitic rail steel. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 219(1), 012035
Peng, J., Xie, X., Song, W., Li, W., & Luo, Z. (2019). Wear properties of two U71Mn K and U71Mn G rail steel welds during rolling contact fatigue. International Journal of Modern Physics B, 33(01n03), 1940041.
Poorhaydari, K., Patchett, B. M., & Ivey, D. G. (2005). Estimation of cooling rate in the welding of plates with intermediate thickness. Welding Journal, 84(10), 149s-155s.
Popovic, O., Prokic-Cvetkovic, R., Sedmak, A., Grabulov, V., Burzic, Z., & Rakin, M. (2010). Characterisation of high-carbon steel surface welded layer. Strojniški vjestnik-Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 56(5).
Roy, T., Abrahams, R., Paradowska, A., Lai, Q., Mutton, P., Soodi, M., ... & Yan, W. (2019). Evaluation of the mechanical properties of laser cladded hypereutectoid steel rails. Wear, 432, 202930.
Seo, J. W., Kim, J. C., Kwon, S. J., & Jun, H. K. (2019). Effects of Laser Cladding for Repairing and Improving Wear of Rails. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 20(7), 1207-1217.
Standard, A. S. T. M. (2012). E407-07: Standard Practice for Microetching Metals and Alloys. ASTM International., West Conshohocken, PA.
Svensson, L. E., & Gretoft, B. (1990). Microstructure and impact toughness of C--Mn weld metals. Welding Journal, 69(12), 454.
Taylor, D. S. (1990). The Role of MMA Welding in the 1990 s. Weld. Met. Fabr., 58(4), 200.
Tewari, S. P., Gupta, A., & Prakash, J. (2010). Effect of welding parameters on the weldability of material. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2(4), 512-516.
Wang, W. J., Hu, J., Guo, J., Liu, Q. Y., & Zhu, M. H. (2014). Effect of laser cladding on wear and damage behaviors of heavy-haul wheel/rail materials. Wear, 311(1-2), 130-136.
Wang, Y. Q., Zhou, H., Shi, Y. J., & Feng, B. R. (2012). Mechanical properties and fracture toughness of rail steels and thermite welds at low temperature. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 19(5), 409-420.
Yamamoto S. (2018). Arc Welding of Specific Steels and Cast iron, (3rd Ed)., Shinko Welding Service Co., Ltd., Japan, 2008.
Zhang, Q., Li, L., Ding, W., Song, H. T., & Gao, Z. K. (2017). Investigation on process and welded joint mechanical properties of bainitic steel rail flash butt welding. In Key Engineering Materials. 723,406-411.
