Effects of Crude Extract of Phyllanthus urinaria Linn. on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization and Survival Rate of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone)
Keywords:
Crude extract, Phyllanthus urinaria, Litopenaeus vannamei, growth performance, survival rateAbstract
Phyllanthus urinaria Linn., one of the medicinal plants possessing various biomedical effects, had been applied in shrimp feed in order to study its efficacy on growth performance, feed utilization and survival rate of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone). Initially, the experiment was carried out by feeding shrimp for 56 days with diets containing P. urinaria crude extract at the levels of 0, 1, 10, 100, 1,000 and 10,000 ppm, and then the results of interested parameters were investigated. At the end of the feeding trial, the obtained results indicated that shrimp fed with the diet containing 10,000 ppm of P. urinaria crude extract slightly showed higher rate of growth performance and feed utilization than the others; however, the significant difference (p < 0.05) was only found on the controlled group. In case of survival rate of shrimp ingesting on each experimental diet, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) among various treatments evaluated in this parameter. All in all, it can be concluded that P. urinaria crude extract has a slight effect on growth promotion, but it does not affect to increment in the survival rate of Pacific white shrimp.
References
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Duncan, D.W. 1995. Multiple-range and multiple F-test. Biometrics 1: 1-42. Gibson, O. and Barker, P.L. 1979.
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Poompachee, K. and Chudapongse, N. 2012. Comparison of the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Phyllanthus virgatus and Phyllanthus amarus Extracts. Medical Principles and Practice 21(1): 24-29.
Pinitsoontorn, C., Suwantrai, S. and Boonsiri, P. 2012. Antioxidant activity and oxalate content of selected Thai herbal teas. KKU Research Journal 17(1): 162-168.
Prasad, G. and Mukthiraj, S. 2011. Effect of methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculta (Nees) on growth and haematology of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters). World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences 3(6): 473-479.
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Putra, A.A.S, Santoso, U., Lee, M.C. and Nan, F.H. 2013. Effects of dietary katuk leaf extract on growth performance, feeding behavior and water quality of grouper Epinephelus coioides. Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology 2(1): 17-25.
Ram, V.J. 2001. Herbal preparations as a source of hepatoprotective agents. Drug News and Perspectives 14(4): 353-363.
Raphael, K.R., Ajith, T.A., Joseph, S. and Kuttan, R. 2002. Anti-mutagenic activity of Phyllanthus amarus Schum & Thonn in vitro as well as in vivo. Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis 22(4): 285-291.
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Sousa, L.G. and Petriella, A.M. 2000. Histology of the hepatopancreas of the freshwater prawn Palaemonetes argentinus (Crustacea, Caridea). Biocell 24(3): 189-195.
Sousa, L.G., Cuartas, E.I. and Petriella, A.M. 2005. Fine structural analysis of the epithelial cells in the hepatopancreas of Palaemonetes argentines (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) in intermoult. Biocell 29(1): 25-31.
Vogt, G., Stöcker, W., Storch, V. and Zwilling, R. 1989. Biosynthesis of Astacus protease, a digestive enzyme from crayfish. Histochemistry 91(5): 373-381.
Vogt, G. and Quinitio, E.T. 1994. Accumulation and excretion of metal granules in the prawn, Penaeus monodon, exposed to water-borne copper, lead, iron and calcium. Aquatic Toxicology 28(3-4): 223-241.
Waldvogel, F.A. 2004. Infectious diseases in the 21st century: old challenges and new opportunities. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 8(1): 5-12.
Wang, M, Cheng, H., Li, Y., Meng, L., Zhao, G. and Mai, K. 1995. Herbs of the genus Phyllanthus in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: observations with three preparations from different geographic sites. The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 126(4): 350-352.
Akin-Osanaiye, C.B., Gabriel, A.F. and Alebiosu, R.A. 2011. Characterization and antimicrobial screening of ethyl oleate isolated from Phyllanthus amarus (Schum and Thonn). Annals of Biological Research 2(2): 298-305.
Alderman, D.J. and Hasting, T.S. 1998. Antibiotic use in aquaculture: development of antibiotic resistance potential for consumer health risks. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 33(2): 139-155.
Chakraborty, S.B. and Hancz, C. 2011. Application of phytochemicals as immunostimulant, antipathogenic and antistress agents in finfish culture. Reviews in Aquaculture 3(3): 103-119.
Chitmanat, C. 2013. Effects of herbal products on fish immunity. KKU Research Journal 18(2): 257-269.
Citarasu, T. 2010. Herbal biomedicines: a new opportunity for aquaculture industry. Aquaculture International 18(3): 403-414.
Dang, G.K., Parekar, R.R., Kamat, S.K., Scindia, A.M. and Rege, N.N. 2011. Anti-inflammatory activity of Phyllanthus emblica, Plumbago zeylanica and Cyperus rotundus in acute models of inflammation. Phytotherapy Research 25(6): 904-908.
Direkbusarakom, S., Herunsalee, A., Boonyaratpalin, S., Danayadol, Y. and Aekpanithanpong, U. 1995. Effect of Phyllanthus spp against yellow-head baculovirus infection in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, pp. 81-88. In Shariff, M, Arthur, J.R. and Subasinghe, R.P. eds. Diseases in Asian Aquaculture II. Fish Health Section. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila.
Direkbusarakom, S. 1998. Studies on the Antiviral and antibacterial activity of Thai traditional herbs and application to prevent the viral and bacterial diseases in aquatic animals. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University.
Duncan, D.W. 1995. Multiple-range and multiple F-test. Biometrics 1: 1-42. Gibson, O. and Barker, P.L. 1979.
The decapod hepatopancreas. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review 17(1): 285-346.
Gruenwald, J., Bredler, T. and Jaenicke, C. 2000. PDR for herbal medicines 2nd ed. Medical Economics Company, Inc. Montvale, New Jersey.
Huang, S.T., Yang, R.C., Yang, L.J., Lee, P.N. and Pang, J.H. 2003. Phyllanthus urinaria triggers the apoptosis and Bcl-2 down-regulation in Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Life Sciences 72(15): 1705-1716.
Icely, J.D. and Nott, J.A. 1992. Digestion and absorption: digestive system and associated organs, pp. 529-617. In Harrison, F.W and Humes, A.G, eds. Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, vol 10. Decapod Crustacea, Wily-Liss Inc., New York.
Johnston, D.J., Alexanderand, C.G. and Yellowlees, D. 1998. Epithelial cytology and function in the digestive gland of Thenus orientalis (Decapoda, Scyllaridae). Journal of Crustacean Biology 18 (12): 271-278.
Jones, O.A.H., Voulvoulis, N. and Lester, J.N. 2004. Potential ecological and human health risks associated with the presence of pharmaceutically active compounds in the aquatic environment. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 34(4): 335-350.
Kiemer, A.K, Hartung, T., Huber, C. and Vollmar, A.M. 2003. Phyllanthus amarus has anti-inflammatory potential by inhibition of iNOS, COX-2, and cytokines via the NF-kappaB pathway. Journal of Hepatology 38(3): 289-297.
Kumar, B.K., Deekshit, V.K., Raj, J.R.M., Rai, P., Shivanagowda, B.M., Karunasagar, I and Karunasagar, I. 2014. Diversity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus associated with disease outbreak among cultured Litopenaeus vannamei (Pacific white shrimp) in India. Aquaculture 433(1): 247-251.
Loizzi, R.F. 1971. Interpretation of crayfish hepatopancreatic function on fine structural analysis of epithelia cell lines and muscle network. Zeitschrift für Zellfors chung und mikroskopische Anatomie (Vienna, Austria) 113: 420-440.
Maity, S., Chatterjee, S., Variyar, P.S., Sharma, A., Adhikari, S. and Mazumder, S. 2013. Evaluation of antioxidant activity and characterrization of phenolic constituents of Phyllanthus amarus root. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 61(14): 3443-3450.
Poompachee, K. and Chudapongse, N. 2012. Comparison of the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Phyllanthus virgatus and Phyllanthus amarus Extracts. Medical Principles and Practice 21(1): 24-29.
Pinitsoontorn, C., Suwantrai, S. and Boonsiri, P. 2012. Antioxidant activity and oxalate content of selected Thai herbal teas. KKU Research Journal 17(1): 162-168.
Prasad, G. and Mukthiraj, S. 2011. Effect of methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculta (Nees) on growth and haematology of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters). World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences 3(6): 473-479.
Punitha, S.M.J., Babu, M.M., Sivaram, V., Shankar, V.S., Dhas, S.A., Mahesh, T.C., Immanuel, G. and Citarasu, T. 2008. Immunostimulating influence of herbal biomedicines on nonspecific immunity in Grouper Epinephelus tauvina juvenile against Vibrio harveyi infection. Aquaculture International 16(1): 511-523.
Putra, A.A.S, Santoso, U., Lee, M.C. and Nan, F.H. 2013. Effects of dietary katuk leaf extract on growth performance, feeding behavior and water quality of grouper Epinephelus coioides. Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology 2(1): 17-25.
Ram, V.J. 2001. Herbal preparations as a source of hepatoprotective agents. Drug News and Perspectives 14(4): 353-363.
Raphael, K.R., Ajith, T.A., Joseph, S. and Kuttan, R. 2002. Anti-mutagenic activity of Phyllanthus amarus Schum & Thonn in vitro as well as in vivo. Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis 22(4): 285-291.
Reverter, M., Tapissier‐Bontemps, N., Sasal, P. and Saulnier, D. 2017. Use of medicinal plants in aquaculture, pp. 223-261. In Austin, B. and Newaj- Fyzul A., eds. Diagnosis and control of diseases of fish and shellfish. Wiley, United States.
Sousa, L.G. and Petriella, A.M. 2000. Histology of the hepatopancreas of the freshwater prawn Palaemonetes argentinus (Crustacea, Caridea). Biocell 24(3): 189-195.
Sousa, L.G., Cuartas, E.I. and Petriella, A.M. 2005. Fine structural analysis of the epithelial cells in the hepatopancreas of Palaemonetes argentines (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) in intermoult. Biocell 29(1): 25-31.
Vogt, G., Stöcker, W., Storch, V. and Zwilling, R. 1989. Biosynthesis of Astacus protease, a digestive enzyme from crayfish. Histochemistry 91(5): 373-381.
Vogt, G. and Quinitio, E.T. 1994. Accumulation and excretion of metal granules in the prawn, Penaeus monodon, exposed to water-borne copper, lead, iron and calcium. Aquatic Toxicology 28(3-4): 223-241.
Waldvogel, F.A. 2004. Infectious diseases in the 21st century: old challenges and new opportunities. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 8(1): 5-12.
Wang, M, Cheng, H., Li, Y., Meng, L., Zhao, G. and Mai, K. 1995. Herbs of the genus Phyllanthus in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: observations with three preparations from different geographic sites. The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 126(4): 350-352.
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2019-09-01
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Charoendat, U., & Koedprang, W. (2019). Effects of Crude Extract of Phyllanthus urinaria Linn. on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization and Survival Rate of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone). Recent Science and Technology, 11(3), 519–527. Retrieved from https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/rmutsvrj/article/view/228808
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