Acaricidal Properties of Cuscuta spp. Crude Extracts and Bacteria against Luciaphorus perniciosu
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Abstract
The pyemotid mite (Luciaphorus perniciosus Rack, 1983) associated with several commercial mushrooms in Thailand that could result in the decline of mushroom cultivation. Therefore, the bioefficacies of Cuscuta reflexa and C. chinensis crude extracts and bacteria isolated from mushroom for controlling L. perniciosus infesting Jew’s ear mushroom (Auricularia auricular (Hook.) Underw.) were assessed in this study. Different concentrations of Cuscuta spp. crude extracts (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5% w/v) and the solution of each bacterium (1×108 CFU/mL) were prepared. The contact bioassay was designed in a completely randomized triplicate. A total of ten pregnant females of L. perniciosus were tested in each replication and concentration containing a sorghum seed inoculated with mycelia as food. After 3-, 5-, 7- and 9-day exposure, it was found that C. reflexa stem ethanolic extract exhibited median lethal concentrations to kill 50% (LC50) of the treated mites in 3, 5, 7 and 9 days of 22.86, 12.25, 5.87 and 2.01% w/v, respectively. Meanwhile, C. chinensis stem ethanolic extract displayed LC50 of 16.59, 7.34, 2.18 and 1.78% w/v, respectively. In terms of the mortality rate, the concentration at 5% w/v in both crude plant extracts showed effectiveness in killing pregnant mites with 100% mortality after exposure for 7 days (C. chinensis) and 9 days (C. reflexa). Conversely, the solution of all isolated bacteria could not kill pyemotid at this time. Nevertheless, these results suggested that both plant extracts are likely to be further applied as a biopesticide in preventing L. perniciosus and other mite pests of mushroom devastating the mushroom farm.
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