Modification of Dietary Fiber from Cassava Pulp to Reduce Heavy Metal by Assessing Their Heavy Metal Bioaccessibility Inhibition
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Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal method to modify dietary fiber from cassava pulp and their effects on heavy metals bioaccessibility inhibition. The preparation MDF (modified dietary fiber) from cassava pulp was started from separating starch and protein from fiber through the application of enzyme in order to prepare crude dietary fiber (CDF) that could be derived from enzymatic digestion condition of 0.1% of
α-amylase (w/v), 0.1% of amyloglucosidase (v/v) and 1% of neutrase (v/v), and modifying them with 4 methods that were esterification method, halogenation method, oxidation method and etherification method. The results showed that modification of CDF could improve heavy-metal-binding properties as the chemical composition of MDF shows neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), cellulose, hemicelluloses protein, moisture, fat and starch more than CDF. Furthermore, the functional properties of MDF show a greater water holding capacity, oil binding capacity, water solubility index, swelling capacity and COOH content than CDF.
In addition, to study the MDF (4 methods) affecting the heavy lead bioaccessibility was estimated by using in vitro digestion model. The result showed that MDF from all methods significantly reduced lead bioaccessibility in a dose dependent manner from 0-1000 mg of MDF (p < 0.05). Lead bioaccessibility was decreased by 25-80%. MDF 1000 mg showed the strongest effect on heavy metal bioacessibility. A method comparison suggested that MDF from etherification method significantly showed more inhibition than other methods (p < 0.05) for all the amounts used. In conclusion, this study suggested that MDF with etherification method could decrease lead bioaccessibility and could be applied in functional food and dietary supplement products.
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