Effects of Crude Extract of Hazardana (Phyllanthus urinaria) on Hepatopancreatic Health Status, Antioxidant, Immune Response and Resistance to Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease in Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
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Abstract
The use of feed containing crude extract from Hazarnada (Phyllanthus urinaria) at ten times concentration increased within a range of 1 to 10,000 ppm, for rearing Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), was investigated over a 56-day feeding trial. It was found that the decrease of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels in shrimp were in contrast to each ten-fold increase of the extract concentration, and the concentration levels of 1,000 and 10,000 ppm showed significant differences (p<0.05). In case of hepatosomatic index, total antioxidant capacity and phenoloxidase activity, no significant differences (p>0.05) were found in all concentrations of the extract fed to shrimp, although the tendency grew with increasing concentration. In this trial, the phagocytic activity had significantly elevated (p<0.05) when shrimp fed with diets containing 1,000 and 10,000 ppm of the extract. Regarding the study of resistance to acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus VPP infection in juvenile shrimp, the results exhibited that shrimp ingested 10,000 ppm extract-supplemented diet for 28 days had the highest survival rate and relative percentage survival (p<0.05). In conclusion, it is suggested that Hazardana crude extract can promote hepatopancreas health status of shrimp and may strengthen antioxidants, immunity and resistance to AHPND, but it must be applied with high concentration. Therefore, further studies on separation of specific active ingredients should be conducted to use this plant extract more effectively.
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