Water Quality during Channa striatus Fish Harvesting and Wastewater Treatment by Draining and Settling in Cultured Pond Technique
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Drainage water from intensive Channa striatus fish pond especially during harvesting is often found unqualified by the sewage water quality from aquaculture control standard 2007 and thus causing pollution. This research aimed to do a deep study and dilute the problems by an efficient draining and settling in cultured pond technique. Water from fish pond in Ang Thong province before and during harvesting was sampling in different depth and time. All water samples were pooled and let them settle for 48 hours. Results showed differences in water quality at different depth levels (p<0.05). The over 100 cm depth water was unqualified and the farmer draining practice significantly reduced the water quality. Setting the pump suckling head on the pond bottom caused sediment diffused and increased the total water suspended solid, consequence in whole pond water volume unqualified to the control standard. The total suspended solid was the biggest problem and cost the longest time to be settled. After sedimentation treatment 24 hours can significantly improve all water quality parameters to reach the control standard.
It is suggested that during water draining farmers must not disturb the pond bottom, not diffusing the sediment or mudding the drained water. Draining technique such as bended pipe, syphon hose or setting suck head far above the pond bottom should be used to remove the surface water. For the rest, water about 60 cm over the pond bottom must be further treated either by sedimentation or combining with other methods.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The content and information in the article published in Journal of Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya It is the opinion and responsibility of the author of the article. The editorial journals do not need to agree. Or share any responsibility.
References
APHA. 2005. Standard Methods of the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 22th edition. United Books Press, Maryland.
Ayub, M., Boyd, C.E. and Teichert-Coddington, D. 1993. Effects of urea application, aeration, and drying on total carbon concentrations in pond bottom soils. The Progressive Fish Culturist 55(3): 210-213.
Boyd, C.E. 1995. Bottom Soils, Sediment and Pond Aquaculture. Chapman and Hall, New York.
Cole, B.A. and Boyd, C.E. 1985. Feeding rate, water quality, and channel catfish production in ponds. The Progressive Fish Culturist 48(1): 25-29.
Gooley, G.J., DeSilva, S.S., Hone, P.W., McKinnon, L.J. and Ingram, B.A. 2000. Cage aquaculture in Australia: a developed country perspective with reference to integrated aquaculture development within inland waters, pp. 21-37. In Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Cage Aquaculture in Asia. Manila, Philippines.
Gutierrez-Wing, M.T. and Malone, R.F. 2006. Biological filters in aquaculture: Trends and research directions for freshwater and marine applications. Aquacultural Engineering 34(3): 163-170.
Halver, J.E. and Hardy, R.W. 2002. Fish Nutrition. 3rd edition. Academic Press, San Diego.
Islam, M.S. 2005. Nitrogen and phosphorus budget in coastal and marine cage aquaculture and impacts of effluent loading on ecosystem: review and analysis towards model development. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50(1): 48-61.
Munsiri, P., Boyd, C.E., Teichert-Coddington, D. and Hajek, B.F. 1996. Texture and chemical composition of soils from shrimp ponds near Choluteca, Honduras. Aquaculture International 4(2): 157-168.
National of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. 2007. Effluent Standard for Inland Aquaculture, dated November 23, B.E.2550 (2007). Published documents, National of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. (in Thai).
Raveh, A. and Avnimelech, Y. 1979. Total nitrogen analysis in water, soil and plant material with persulphate oxidation. Water Research 13(9): 911-912.
Reddy, K.R., Hettiarachchi, H., Parakalla, N.S., Gangathulasi, J. and Bogner, J.E. 2009. Geotechnical properties of fresh municipal solid waste at Orchard Hills Landfill, USA. Waste Management 29(2): 952-959.
Schwartz, M.F. and Boyd, C.E. 1994. Channel catfish pond effluents. The Progressive Fish Culturist 56(4): 273-281.
Schwartz, M.F. and Boyd, C.E. 1995. Constructed wetlands for treatment of channel catfish pond effluents. The Progressive Fish Culturist 57(4): 255-266.
Taparhudee, W. 2010. Construction of aquaculture ponds. Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Teichert-Coddington, D.R. 1995. Estuarine water quality and sustainable shrimp culture in Honduras, Thirteenth Annual Report. Available Source: http://pdacrsp.oregonstate.edu/pubs/Technical/13Techpdf/2.b .1.pdf, May 9, 2020.
Teichert-Coddington, D.R., Martinez, D. and Ramı´rez, E. 1996. Pond Dynamics/Aquaculture, Thirteenth Annual Administrative Report. Available Source: https://aquaculture.oregonstate.edu/sites/aquaculture.oregonstate.edu/files/2022-10/crsp-13thannualadministrativ
ereport.pdf, May 19, 2021.
Teichert-Coddington, D.R., Rouse, D.B., Potts, A. and Boyd, C.E. 1999. Treatment of harvest discharge from intensive shrimp ponds by settling. Aquacultural Engineering 19(3): 147-161.