Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents in Top Soil and Roof Dust around Four Districts in Thonburi Area
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Abstract
Particular matter (PM) crisis is a currently important issue in Thailand. If the PM contaminates with heavy metals, it will be seriously affected. Therefore, this research aims to determine heavy metal contents in top soil and roof dust in Bangkok to find factors affecting the contents, and to identify sources of the heavy metals. The research method was done by assessing five heavy metal contents that have usually been found in dust and industry, including iron, copper, zinc, lead, and cadmium in samples. They are top soil and roof dust collected in two years of 2020 and 2021 from four districts in Bangkok, Thonburi zone composing of Bangkhuntien, Nongkhaem, Bangbon, and Bangkae. There are lots of industries in the study areas. We found that the means of lead and cadmium contents in soil were 31.80 + 12.22 and 0.85 + 0.36 mg/kg which are less than those of standard quality of soil (No standard for other heavy metal contents in soil and no standard for all heavy metal contents in dust in Thailand). Besides, we found factors affecting lead content are types of samples, areas, and times, but there was no effect on the other heavy metal contents. The mean of lead content in dust was more than that of lead content in top soil comprising 86.83 + 40.48 and 31.80 + 12.22 mg/kg, respectively with a very high significance of p-value < 0.0001. The mean of lead content in 2020 was more than that of lead content in 2021 viz. 72.93 + 64.05 and 47.61 + 21.50 mg/kg, respectively with a very high significance of p-value = 0.0012. Moreover, the mean of lead content among different areas was highly significant with p-value = 0.0003. Bangkhuntien was the highest in the content of 86.95 + 86.05 mg/kg. However, enrichment factor of zinc of Nongkheam and Bangkhuntien and that of cadmium of Bangkhuntien were higher than 10.
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