A Portable Device for Non-destructively Assessing Apple Sweetness
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Abstract
At present, an apple purchased from market is not guaranteed for sweetness. A standard method for determining the sweetness uses a device that measures the sweetness from apple juice. This research applied the principle of the near-infrared absorbance for non-destructive evaluation of apple to develop a portable device for determining the sweetness of an apple which operated with a smartphone. The device measured the absorbance in a reflectance mode at a wavelength range from 900 to 1700 mm. The device consisted of a spectrophotometer housed in a plastic box with width of 40 mm, length of 70 mm and height of 60 mm, and an application operated on the smartphone. A prediction equation for the soluble solids content (sweetness) was derived from the relationship between the near-infrared absorbance and the reference soluble solids content determined using a refractometer. The device operated by connecting the spectrophotometer via Bluetooth, controlling the spectrophotometer to scan for the near-infrared absorbance of the apple, calculating the soluble solids content, and displaying the sweetness result. The prediction equation for the soluble solids content was used to write the code for the sweetness calculation part of the application.
In testing the device for determining the sweetness of 50 apple, which were not used in the development of the prediction equation, the results showed that the device provided good accuracy for the sweetness prediction, yielding the correlation coefficient of 0.916 and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.808 °Brix. The sweetness portable device developed in this research displayed the potential of the near-infrared spectroscopy technique for prediction of the sweetness with a determining speed of about 5 seconds without destroying the fruit.
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